ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2015
Effects of norspermidine and spermidine on biofilm formation by potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica wild-type strains.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activation of the antibiotic resistance factor WhiB7 can stimulate aggregate biofilm formation in stationary phaseJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
- Spermidine is a common component of the eDNA-dependent biofilm matrix.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Branched-chain polyamines: evolutionary adaptation and biotechnological potential.Amino acids · 2026Review
- Squalamine and claramine A1 disperseBiofilm · 2025Article
- The response of gut and fecal bacterial communities of the European sea bass (Sustainable microbiology · 2024Article
- Broad time-dependent transcriptional activity of metabolic genes of E. coli O104:H4 strain C227/11Φcu in a soil microenvironment at low temperature.Environmental microbiology reports · 2023Article
- Metabolomic Analysis of the Effect ofAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Polyamine and Ethanolamine Metabolism in Bacteria as an Important Component of Nitrogen Assimilation for Survival and Pathogenicity.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Effect of Spermidine on Biofilm Formation in Escherichia coli K-12.Journal of bacteriology · 2021Article
- Inverse regulation ofeLife · 2021Article
- Antibiofilm Activities of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles AgainstFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Drug Repurposing:Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- TheFrontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Prevention of biofilm formation by quorum quenching.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2020Review
- High-Throughput Identification of Antibacterials AgainstFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- An Evaluation of Norspermidine on Anti-fungal Effect on MatureFrontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Metabolomics Deciphered Metabolic Reprogramming Required for Biofilm Formation.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Efficacy of levofloxacin against biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with respiratory tract infections in vitro.MicrobiologyOpen · 2019Article
- Effects of Norspermidine on Dual-Species Biofilms Composed ofBioMed research international · 2019Article
- Synergistic Microbicidal Effect of Auranofin and Antibiotics Against Planktonic and Biofilm-EncasedFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polyamines are present in all living cells. In bacteria, polyamines are involved in a variety of functions, including biofilm formation, thus indicating that polyamines may have potential in the control of unwanted biofilm. In the present study, the effects of the polyamines norspermidine and spermidine on biofilms of 10 potentially pathogenic wild-type strains of Escherichia coli serotype O103:H2, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, and S. enterica serovar Agona were investigated. We found that exogenously supplied norspermidine and spermidine did not mediate disassembly of preformed biofilm of any of the E. coli and S. enterica strains. However, the polyamines did affect biofilm production. Interestingly, the two species reacted differently to the polyamines. Both polyamines reduced the amount of biofilm formed by E. coli but tended to increase biofilm formation by S. enterica. Whether the effects observed were due to the polyamines specifically targeting biofilm formation, being toxic for the cells, or maybe a combination of the two, is not known. However, there were no indications that the effect was mediated through binding to exopolysaccharides, as earlier suggested for E. coli. Our results indicate that norspermidine and spermidine do not have potential as inhibitors of S. enterica biofilm. Furthermore, we found that the commercial polyamines used contributed to the higher pH of the test medium. Failure to acknowledge and control this important phenomenon may lead to misinterpretation of the results.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.