Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25595554›Full record

ReviewJournal of immunological methods2015

Methods to determine intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation during liver disease.

Lirui Wang, Cristina Llorente, Phillipp Hartmann, An-Ming Yang, Peng Chen, Bernd Schnabl

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of immunological methods, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 137 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
137citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
12.2field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

137 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 249 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  14. World journal of gastroenterology · 2025
    Article
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  19. Association ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025
    Article
  20. Review

77 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Lirui WangDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
Cristina LlorenteDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
Phillipp HartmannDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
An-Ming YangDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Peng ChenDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States.
Bernd SchnablDepartment of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Department of Medicine, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States. Electronic address: beschnabl@ucsd.edu.
University of California, San Diego · USVA San Diego Healthcare System · US

Funding

Microbiome and intestinal innate immune response in alcoholic liver diseaseR01AA020703 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SCHNABL, BERND G. · 2011 to 2020
$3.6M
Microbiome as Therapeutic Target in Alcoholic HepatitisU01AA021856 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BRENNER, DAVID A., SCHNABL, BERND G. · 2013 to 2017
$2.1M
Blocking toll-like receptor 4 signaling as therapy in hepatic fibrosisK08DK081830 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI SCHNABL, BERND G. · 2009 to 2013
$707k
The Commensal Microflora Suppresses Liver FibrosisI01BX002213 · VA · VA SAN DIEGO HEALTHCARE SYSTEM · PI SCHNABL, BERND G. · 2015 to 2018
–
BLRD VA I01 BX002213NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA020703NIAAA NIH HHS U01 AA021856NIDDK NIH HHS K08 DK081830
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Liver disease is often times associated with increased intestinal permeability. A disruption of the gut barrier allows microbial products and viable bacteria to translocate from the intestinal lumen to extraintestinal organs. The majority of the venous blood from the intestinal tract is drained into the portal circulation, which is part of the dual hepatic blood supply. The liver is therefore the first organ in the body to encounter not only absorbed nutrients, but also gut-derived bacteria and pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Chronic exposure to increased levels of PAMPs has been linked to disease progression during early stages and to infectious complications during late stages of liver disease (cirrhosis). It is therefore important to assess and monitor gut barrier dysfunction during hepatic disease. We review methods to assess intestinal barrier disruption and discuss advantages and disadvantages. We will in particular focus on methods that we have used to measure increased intestinal permeability and bacterial translocation in experimental liver disease models.

Indexed as

AnimalsBacterial TranslocationBiomarkersHumansInflammationIntestinal AbsorptionIntestinal MucosaLiver DiseasesMiceTight JunctionsBiomarkersEndotoxinGut–liver axisIntestinal injuryIntestinal leakinessMicrobiomeMicrobiota

Identifiers

PMID25595554
PMCPMC4451427
OpenAlexW2040391599

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.