Trial reportValue in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research2015
An exploratory study to test the impact on three "bolt-on" items to the EQ-5D.
Trial report in Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A qualitative systematic review of the impact of hearing on quality of life.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Pooled it
- Measurement properties of the EQ-5D in populations with a mean age of ≥ 75 years: a systematic review.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- China Health Related Outcomes Measures (CHROME): Development of a New Generic Preference-Based Measure for the Chinese Population.PharmacoEconomics · 2022Pooled it
- Psychometric properties of the EQ-5D-5L: a systematic review of the literature.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2021Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of Studies Comparing the Measurement Properties of the Three-Level and Five-Level Versions of the EQ-5D.PharmacoEconomics · 2018Pooled it
- EQ-5D vision bolt-on in macular degeneration: associations with visual measures and effect on utility differences and cost-effectiveness of stereotactic radiotherapy.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Trial
- Femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery compared with phacoemulsification: the FACT non-inferiority RCT.Health technology assessment (Winchester, England) · 2021Trial
- Femtosecond Laser-Assisted Cataract Surgery Versus Phacoemulsification Cataract Surgery (FACT): A Randomized Noninferiority Trial.Ophthalmology · 2020Trial
- Effect on Body Weight, Quality of Life and Appetite Following Individualized, Nutritional Counselling to Home-Living Elderly after Rehabilitation - An Open Randomized Trial.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Comparative exploration of EQ-5D-5L bolt-on variants for fatigue, sleep, and vision in a general population sample.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Health-related quality of life changes in patients with Q-fever fatigue syndrome: a four-year follow-up study, 10 years post-infection.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Observational
- Measuring outcomes for loneliness research: examining the appropriateness of the EQ-5D-5 L and EQ-HWB.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Valuing health and wellbeing using discrete choice experiment: exploring feasibility, design effect and international preference similarity.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2026Article
- Content Validity of Two Generic Preference-Based Measures in Retinitis Pigmentosa, Including X-Linked Retinitis Pigmentosa.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Article
- Patient-Reported Importance of Functional Benefit in Geographic Atrophy.JAMA ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Measuring and Valuing Health Using EuroQol Instruments: New Developments 2025 and Beyond.Applied health economics and health policy · 2025Review
- Valuation of cognition bolt-ons for EQ-5D-5L in Japan: A comparative analysis of scaling factor and conventional models.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- Psychometric testing of two respiratory bolt-on items to EQ-5D-5L in patients with obstructive airway diseases.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Health state utilities associated with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP).The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundGeneric preference-based measures were criticized for being inappropriate in some conditions. One solution is to include "bolt-on" dimensions describing additional specific health problems.
objectivesThis study aimed to develop bolt-on dimensions to the EuroQol five-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D) and assess their impact on health state values.
methodsBolt-on dimensions were developed for vision problems, hearing problems, and tiredness. Each bolt-on dimension had three severity levels to match the EQ-5D. Three "core" EQ-5D states across a range of severity were selected, and each level of a bolt-on item was added, resulting in nine states in each condition. Health states with and without the bolt-on dimensions were valued by 300 members of the UK general public using time trade-off in face-to-face interviews, and mean health state values were compared using t tests. Regression analysis examined the impact of the bolt-on variants and the level of the bolt-on items after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics.
resultsBolt-on dimensions had an impact on health state values of the EQ-5D; however, the size, direction, and significance of the impact depend on the severity of the core EQ-5D state and of the bolt-on dimension. Regression analysis demonstrated that after controlling for possible differences in sociodemographic characteristics between the groups, there were no significant differences in health state values between the three bolt-on dimensions but confirmed that the impact depended on the severity of the EQ-5D health state and the levels of bolt-on dimensions.
conclusionsThe impact of a bolt-on dimension on the EQ-5D depends on the core health state and the level of the bolt-on dimension. Further research in this area is encouraged.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.