Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25593928›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in medicine2014

Perturbations in the urinary exosome in transplant rejection.

Tara K Sigdel, Yolanda W Ng, Sangho Lee, Carrie D Nicora, Wei-Jun Qian, Richard D Smith, David G Camp, Minnie M Sarwal

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
46citing papers in PubMed, 5 pooled it
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

46 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 72 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. The role of extracellular vesicles in kidney disease progression.Kidney research and clinical practice · 2026
    Article
  9. Observational
  10. Extracellular Vesicles and Immune Activation in Solid Organ Transplantation: The Impact of Immunosuppression.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Adenosine triphosphate-mediated signaling of P2X7 receptors controls donor extracellular vesicle release and major histocompatibility complex cross-decoration after allotransplantation.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2025
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Tara K SigdelDivision of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA.
Yolanda W NgDivision of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA.
Sangho LeeDepartment of Nephrology, Kyung Hee University , Seoul , South Korea.
Carrie D NicoraBiological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, WA , USA.
Wei-Jun QianBiological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, WA , USA.
Richard D SmithBiological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, WA , USA.
David G CampBiological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , Richland, WA , USA.
Minnie M SarwalDivision of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, CA , USA.
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USKyung Hee University · KR

Funding

Equipment Supplement Request for a Research Resource for Ultra-sensitive High Throughput ProteomicsP41GM103493 · NIGMS · BATTELLE PACIFIC NORTHWEST LABORATORIES · PI SMITH, RICHARD D · 2012 to 2022
$22.6M
Urinary Proteome Monitoring for Transplant InjuryR01DK083447 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CAMP, DAVID G, SARWAL, MINNIE M · 2010 to 2013
$2.4M
NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK083447NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM103493
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUrine exosomes are small vesicles exocytosed into the urine by all renal epithelial cell types under normal physiologic and disease states. Urine exosomal proteins may mirror disease specific proteome perturbations in kidney injury. Analysis methodologies for the exosomal fraction of the urinary proteome were developed for comparing the urinary exosomal fraction versus unfractionated proteome for biomarker discovery.

methodsUrine exosomes were isolated by centrifugal filtration of urine samples collected from kidney transplant patients with and without acute rejection (AR), which were biopsy matched. The proteomes of unfractionated whole urine (Uw) and urine exosomes (Ue) underwent mass spectroscopy-based quantitative proteomics analysis. The proteome data were analyzed for significant differential protein abundances in AR.

resultsA total of 1018 proteins were identified in Uw and 349 proteins in Ue. Two hundred seventy-nine overlapped between the two urinary compartments and 70 proteins were unique to the Ue compartment. Of 349 exosomal proteins identified from transplant patients, 220 had not been previously identified in the normal Ue fraction. Eleven Ue proteins, functionally involved in an inflammatory and stress response, were more abundant in urine samples from patients with AR, three of which are exclusive to the Ue fraction. Ue AR-specific biomarkers (1) were also detected in Uw, but since they were observed at significantly lower abundances in Uw, they were not significant for AR in Uw.

conclusionA rapid urinary exosome isolation method and quantitative measurement of enriched Ue proteins was applied. Perturbed proteins in the exosomal compartment of urine collected from kidney transplant patients were specific to inflammatory responses, and were not observed in the Ue fraction from normal healthy subjects. Ue-specific protein alterations in renal disease provide potential mechanistic insights and offer a unique panel of sensitive biomarkers for monitoring AR.

Indexed as

acute renal allograft rejectionbiomarkerskidney transplantproteomicsurine exosomes

Identifiers

PMID25593928
PMCPMC4292055
OpenAlexW2052145861

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.