ArticleSurgical neurology international2014
Basic science and spine literature document bone morphogenetic protein increases cancer risk.
Article in Surgical neurology international, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- Application of rhBMP in spinal fusion surgery: any correlation of cancer incidence? A systematic review and meta-analysis.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2023Pooled it
- Biodistribution and Biodegradation of an Osteoinductive Supramolecular Polymer Implant in a Rat Spinal Fusion Model.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Usage Trends and Safety Profile of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 for Spinal Column Tumor Surgery: A National Matched Cohort Analysis.Global spine journal · 2025Article
- Mechanoresponsive Drug Release from a Flexible, Tissue-Adherent, Hybrid Hydrogel Actuator.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Article
- Review
- Could BMPs Therapy Be Improved if BMPs Were Used in Composition Acting during Bone Formation in Endochondral Ossification?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- A Prospective, Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of the Synthetic Bone Graft Material DBM Gel with rhBMP-2 versus DBM Gel Used during the TLIF Procedure in Patients with Lumbar Disc Disease.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2021Article
- Growth factor profile in calcified cartilage from the metaphysis of a calf costochondral junction, the site of initial bone formation.Biomedical reports · 2021Article
- Influence of Geometry and Architecture on theTissue engineering. Part A · 2021Article
- Review
- Review
- 3D-Printed Ceramic-Demineralized Bone Matrix Hyperelastic Bone Composite Scaffolds for Spinal Fusion.Tissue engineering. Part A · 2020Article
- A comparison of radiographic and clinical outcomes of anterior lumbar interbody fusion performed with either a cellular bone allograft containing multipotent adult progenitor cells or recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2017Article
- The Good the Bad and the Ugly of Glycosaminoglycans in Tissue Engineering Applications.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of retinoic acid receptor γ function promotes endochondral bone formation.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2017Article
- Nursing review of cervical laminectomy and fusion.Surgical neurology international · 2017Article
- A Review of the Clinical Side Effects of Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2.Tissue engineering. Part B, Reviews · 2016Review
- Regenerative medicine: Current therapies and future directions.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIncreasingly, clinical articles document that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP/INFUSE: Medtronic, Memphis, TN, USA) and its derivatives utilized in spinal surgery increase the risk of developing cancer. However, there is also a large body of basic science articles that also document that various types of BMP and other members of the TGF-Beta (transforming growth factor beta) family promote the growth of different types of cancers.
methodsThis review looks at many clinical articles citing BMP/INFUSE's role, largely "off-label", in contributing to complications encountered during spinal surgery. Next, however, specific attention is given to the clinical and basic science literature regarding how BMP and its derivatives (e.g. members of the TGF-beta family) may also impact the development of breast and other cancers.
resultsUtilizing BMP/INFUSE in spine surgery increased the risk of cancers/new malignancy as documented in several studies. For example, Carragee et al. found that for single-level instrumented posterolateral fusions (PLF) using high-dose rhBMP-2 (239 patients) vs. autograft (control group; n = 224), the risks of new cancers at 2 and 5 years postoperatively were increased. In laboratory studies, BMP's along with other members of the TGF-Beta family also modulated/contributed to the proliferation/differentiation of breast cancer (e.g. bone formation/turnover, breast cancer-related solid tumors, and metastases), lung, adrenal, and colon cancer.
conclusionsBMP/INFUSE when utilized clinically in spinal fusion surgery appears to promote cancer at higher rates than observed in the overall population. Furthermore, BMP and TGF-beta are correlated with increased cancer growth both in the clinic and the laboratory.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.