ArticleLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.)2015
The amygdala is critical for trace, delay, and contextual fear conditioning.
Article in Learning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
43 citing papers in PubMed, 84 citations in OpenAlex.
- Two distinct projection pathways converge onto the same BLA neurons to contribute to fear memory retrieval.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- High-Definition Brain Network (HDBN) Delineation of CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder (CDD) in Genetically Engineered Mice.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Involvement of Cortical Associative Areas in Acquisition and Retrieval of Delayed and Traced Conditioned Fear in Mice.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2026Article
- Acquisition of trace fear conditioning without functional nucleus reuniens did not require dorsal or ventral hippocampus NMDA receptor activation in male Long-Evans rats.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2025Article
- Behavioral outputs and overlapping circuits between conditional fear and active avoidance.Neurobiology of learning and memory · 2024Review
- Heterogenous effect of early adulthood stress on cognitive aging and synaptic function in the dentate gyrus.Frontiers in molecular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Chemogenetic inhibition of amygdala excitatory neurons impairs rhEPO-enhanced contextual fear memory after TBI.Neuroscience letters · 2023Article
- Measuring human trace fear conditioning.Psychophysiology · 2022Article
- Dysregulation ofLearning & memory (Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.) · 2022Article
- History-dependent dopamine release increases cAMP levels in most basal amygdala glutamatergic neurons to control learning.Cell reports · 2022Article
- Neuronal Ensembles Organize Activity to Generate Contextual Memory.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2022Review
- Differential Effects of Lateral and Medial Entorhinal Cortex Lesions on Trace, Delay and Contextual Fear Memories.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- CTRP4 ablation impairs associative learning and memory.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Elucidating the role of protein synthesis in hippocampus-dependent memory consolidation across the day and night.The European journal of neuroscience · 2021Article
- Alpha-synuclein pathology, microgliosis, and parvalbumin neuron loss in the amygdala associated with enhanced fear in the Thy1-aSyn model of Parkinson's disease.Neurobiology of disease · 2021Article
- Environmental enrichment rescues survival and function of adult-born neurons following early life stress.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- Effects of Dizocilpine, Midazolam and Their Co-Application on the Trimethyltin (TMT)-Induced Rat Model of Cognitive Deficit.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Impact of Acute and Persistent Excitation of Prelimbic Pyramidal Neurons on Motor Activity and Trace Fear Learning.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2021Article
- Article
- Age-Related Memory Impairment and Sex-Specific Alterations in Phosphorylation of the Rpt6 Proteasome Subunit and Polyubiquitination in the Basolateral Amygdala and Medial Prefrontal Cortex.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
Numerous investigations have definitively shown amygdalar involvement in delay and contextual fear conditioning. However, much less is known about amygdala contributions to trace fear conditioning, and what little evidence exists is conflicting as noted in previous studies. This discrepancy may result from selective targeting of individual nuclei within the amygdala. The present experiments further examine the contributions of amygdalar subnuclei to trace, delay, and contextual fear conditioning. Rats were trained using a 10-trial trace, delay, or unpaired fear conditioning procedure. Pretraining lesions targeting the entire basolateral amygdala (BLA) resulted in a deficit in trace, delay, and contextual fear conditioning. Immediate post-training infusions of the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, targeting the basal nucleus of the amygdala (BA) attenuated trace and contextual fear memory expression, but had no effect on delay fear conditioning. However, infusions targeting the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) immediately following conditioning attenuated contextual fear memory expression, but had no effect on delay or trace fear conditioning. In follow-up experiments, rats were trained using a three-trial delay conditioning procedure. Immediate post-training infusions targeting the LA produced deficits in both delay tone and context fear, while infusions targeting the BA produced deficits in context but not delay tone fear. These data fully support a role for the BLA in trace, delay, and contextual fear memories. Specifically, these data suggest that the BA may be more critical for trace fear conditioning, whereas the LA may be more critical for delay fear memories.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.