ArticlePublic health nutrition2015
Vitamin A-fortified cooking oil reduces vitamin A deficiency in infants, young children and women: results from a programme evaluation in Indonesia.
Article in Public health nutrition, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of Food-Based Approaches on Vitamin A Status of Women and Children: A Systematic Review.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Food Fortification in Improving Nutritional Status of Mothers and Children in Indonesia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Improved micronutrient status and health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries following large-scale fortification: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- Fortification of staple foods with vitamin A for vitamin A deficiency.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Trial
- Simulated Impact of Vitamin A-Fortified Sugar on Dietary Adequacy and Association of Usual Sugar Intake With Plasma and Breast Milk Retinol Among Lactating Zambian Women.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness of oil and milk fortification by scale for reducing Vitamin A and Vitamin D deficiency in India.PloS one · 2025Article
- Conversion of Retinyl Palmitate to Retinol by Wheat Bran Endogenous Lipase Reduces Vitamin A Stability.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Portable Devices for Measurement of Vitamin A Concentrations in Edible Oil: Field Readiness of Available Options.ACS omega · 2022Review
- Review Nutritional interventions during adolescence and their possible effects.Acta bio-medica : Atenei Parmensis · 2022Review
- Micronutrient Deficiencies and Stunting Were Associated with Socioeconomic Status in Indonesian Children Aged 6-59 Months.Nutrients · 2021Article
- Review
- Low breastmilk vitamin A concentration is prevalent in rural Ethiopia.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Article
- Potential interventions targeting adolescent nutrition in Indonesia: a literature review.Public health nutrition · 2019Review
- Interventions to Improve Micronutrient Status of Women of Reproductive Age in Southeast Asia: A Narrative Review on What Works, What Might Work, and What Doesn't Work.Maternal and child health journal · 2019Review
- FromFrontiers in plant science · 2018Review
- Toward Eradication of B-Vitamin Deficiencies: Considerations for Crop Biofortification.Frontiers in plant science · 2018Review
- Article
- Vitamin A Supplementation Programs and Country-Level Evidence of Vitamin A Deficiency.Nutrients · 2017Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess oil consumption, vitamin A intake and retinol status before and a year after the fortification of unbranded palm oil with retinyl palmitate.
designPre-post evaluation between two surveys.
settingTwenty-four villages in West Java. SUBJECTS: Poor households were randomly sampled. Serum retinol (adjusted for subclinical infection) was analysed in cross-sectional samples of lactating mothers (baseline n 324/endline n 349), their infants aged 6-11 months (n 318/n 335) and children aged 12-59 months (n 469/477), and cohorts of children aged 5-9 years (n 186) and women aged 15-29 years (n 171), alongside food and oil consumption from dietary recall.
resultsFortified oil improved vitamin A intakes, contributing on average 26 %, 40 %, 38 %, 29 % and 35 % of the daily Recommended Nutrient Intake for children aged 12-23 months, 24-59 months, 5-9 years, lactating and non-lactating women, respectively. Serum retinol was 2-19 % higher at endline than baseline (P<0·001 in infants aged 6-11 months, children aged 5-9 years, lactating and non-lactating women; non-significant in children aged 12-23 months; P=0·057 in children aged 24-59 months). Retinol in breast milk averaged 20·5 μg/dl at baseline and 32·5 μg/dl at endline (P<0·01). Deficiency prevalence (serum retinol <20 μg/dl) was 6·5-18 % across groups at baseline, and 0·6-6 % at endline (P≤0·011). In multivariate regressions adjusting for socio-economic differences, vitamin A intake from fortified oil predicted improved retinol status for children aged 6-59 months (P=0·003) and 5-9 years (P=0·03).
conclusionsAlthough this evaluation without a comparison group cannot prove causality, retinyl contents in oil, Recommended Nutrient Intake contributions and relationships between vitamin intake and serum retinol provide strong plausibility of oil fortification impacting vitamin A status in Indonesian women and children.
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