ArticlePloS one2015
Positive effect of human milk feeding during NICU hospitalization on 24 month neurodevelopment of very low birth weight infants: an Italian cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Long-term benefits of exclusive human milk diet in small for gestational age neonates: a systematic review of the literature.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2024Pooled it
- Short versus long feeding interval for bolus feedings in very preterm infants.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Growth and Nutritional Biomarkers of Preterm Infants Fed a New Powdered Human Milk Fortifier: A Randomized Trial.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2017Trial
- Growth and safety evaluation in very low birth weight infants receiving an exclusive human milk diet: a phase III randomized control trial in Japan.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2026Article
- Mortality and Neurodevelopmental Outcome in an Italian Cohort of Very Low Birth Weight Infants.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2026Article
- Long-Term Neurodevelopmental Outcomes of Late Preterm Children: A Pilot Study on the Role of Early Nutrition.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Providing very low-birth-weight infants with fast enteral feeding reduced how long they needed a central venous catheter.Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992) · 2025Article
- Importance of human milk for infants in the clinical setting: Updates and mechanistic links.Nutrition in clinical practice : official publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition · 2023Review
- Regulation of Gut Microbiota through Breast Milk Feeding Benefits Language and Cognitive Development of Preterm Toddlers.Microorganisms · 2023Article
- High-proportion breast milk feeding is associated with a reduction in the incidence of IVH in very preterm infants.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Preterm nutrition and neurodevelopmental outcomes.World journal of methodology · 2021Review
- Parental Book-Reading to Preterm Born Infants in NICU: The Effects on Language Development in the First Two Years.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Neurodevelopmental Trajectories of Preterm Infants of Italian Native-Born and Migrant Mothers and Role of Neonatal Feeding.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Breastfeeding peer counselling for mothers of preterm neonates: protocol of a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2020Article
- Review
- Longitudinal Analysis of Macronutrient Composition in Preterm and Term Human Milk: A Prospective Cohort Study.Nutrients · 2019Article
- Growth Benefits of Own Mother's Milk in Preterm Infants Fed Daily Individualized Fortified Human Milk.Nutrients · 2019Article
- NICU human milk dose and health care use after NICU discharge in very low birth weight infants.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2019Observational
- Maternal views on facilitators of and barriers to breastfeeding preterm infants.BMC pediatrics · 2018Article
- Strategies of Increased Protein Intake in ELBW Infants Fed by Human Milk Lead to Long Term Benefits.Frontiers in public health · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of human milk feeding during NICU hospitalization on neurodevelopment at 24 months of corrected age in very low birth weight infants. A cohort of 316 very low birth weight newborns (weight ≤ 1500 g) was prospectively enrolled in a follow-up program on admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of S. Orsola Hospital, Bologna, Italy, from January 2005 to June 2011. Neurodevelopment was evaluated at 24 months corrected age using the Griffiths Mental Development Scale. The effect of human milk nutrition on neurodevelopment was first investigated using a multiple linear regression model, to adjust for the effects of gestational age, small for gestational age, complications at birth and during hospitalization, growth restriction at discharge and socio-economic status. Path analysis was then used to refine the multiple regression model, taking into account the relationships among predictors and their temporal sequence. Human milk feeding during NICU hospitalization and higher socio-economic status were associated with better neurodevelopment at 24 months in both models. In the path analysis model intraventricular hemorrhage-periventricular leukomalacia and growth restriction at discharge proved to be directly and independently associated with poorer neurodevelopment. Gestational age and growth restriction at birth had indirect significant effects on neurodevelopment, which were mediated by complications that occurred at birth and during hospitalization, growth restriction at discharge and type of feeding. In conclusion, our findings suggest that mother's human milk feeding during hospitalization can be encouraged because it may improve neurodevelopment at 24 months corrected age.
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