Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25590623›Full record

ArticlePloS one2015

Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) plasma levels increase during bleomycin- and cisplatin-based treatment of testicular cancer patients and relate to endothelial damage.

Renske Altena, Rudolf S N Fehrmann, Hink Boer, Elisabeth G E de Vries, Coby Meijer, Jourik A Gietema

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed
3.2field-weighted citation impact, top 9% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  3. Functional segregation of body-brain signals in the area postrema.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
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  8. Central mechanisms of emesis: A role for GDF15.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2025
    Review
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  18. GDF15 in Vascular and Liver Metabolic Disorders: A Novel Therapeutic Target.Recent advances in inflammation & allergy drug discovery · 2022
    Article
  19. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Renske AltenaDepartment of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Rudolf S N FehrmannDepartment of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Hink BoerDepartment of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Elisabeth G E de VriesDepartment of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Coby MeijerDepartment of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
Jourik A GietemaDepartment of Medical Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
University Medical Center Groningen · NLUniversity of Groningen · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionChemotherapy-related endothelial damage contributes to the early development of cardiovascular morbidity in testicular cancer patients. We aimed to identify relevant mechanisms of and search for candidate biomarkers for this endothelial damage.

methodsHuman micro-vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were exposed to bleomycin or cisplatin with untreated samples as control. 18k cDNA microarrays were used. Gene expression differences were analysed at single gene level and in gene sets clustered in biological pathways and validated by qRT-PCR. Protein levels of a candidate biomarker were measured in testicular cancer patient plasma before, during and after bleomycin-etoposide-cisplatin chemotherapy, and related to endothelial damage biomarkers (von Willebrand Factor (vWF), high-sensitivity C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP)).

resultsMicroarray data identified several genes with highly differential expression; e.g. Growth Differentiation Factor 15 (GDF-15), Activating Transcription Factor 3 (ATF3) and Amphiregulin (AREG). Pathway analysis revealed strong associations with 'p53' and 'Diabetes Mellitus' gene sets. Based on known function, we measured GDF-15 protein levels in 41 testicular patients during clinical follow-up. Pre-chemotherapy GDF-15 levels equalled controls. Throughout chemotherapy GDF-15, vWF and hsCRP levels increased, and were correlated at different time-points.

conclusionAn unbiased approach in a preclinical model revealed genes related to chemotherapy-induced endothelial damage, like GDF-15. The increases in plasma GDF-15 levels in testicular cancer patients during chemotherapy and its association with vWF and hsCRP suggest that GDF-15 is a potentially useful biomarker related to endothelial damage.

Indexed as

Activating Transcription Factor 3AdolescentAdultAmphiregulinAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsBiomarkers, TumorBleomycinCell LineCisplatinEndothelial CellsEndothelium, VascularGrowth Differentiation Factor 15HumansMaleMiddle AgedTesticular NeoplasmsActivating Transcription Factor 3AmphiregulinATF3 protein, humanBiomarkers, TumorBleomycinCisplatinGDF15 protein, humanGrowth Differentiation Factor 15von Willebrand Factor

Identifiers

PMID25590623
PMCPMC4295859
OpenAlexW2134425002

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.