ArticleToxins2015
The cytolytic activity of vaginolysin strictly depends on cholesterol and is potentiated by human CD59.
Article in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Strain-level heterogeneity in Gardnerella urinary tract persistence and pathogenesis in an in vivo model is consistent with comparative phylogenomic analyses.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Characterization of tigurilysin, a novel human CD59-specific cholesterol-dependent cytolysin, reveals a role for host specificity in augmenting toxin activity.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2023Article
- Characterization of Tigurilysin, a Novel Human CD59-Specific Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysin, Reveals a Role for Host Specificity in Augmenting Toxin Activity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Rapid Point-of-Care Test Kit for Bacterial Vaginosis: Detection of Vaginolysin and Clue Cells Using Paper Strips and a Smartphone.Analytical chemistry · 2022Article
- Research Progress on the Correlation BetweenFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Article
- Review
- Intermedilysin cytolytic activity depends on heparan sulfates and membrane composition.PLoS genetics · 2021Article
- Sequence Comparison of Vaginolysin from DifferentPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- The Female Vaginal Microbiome in Health and Bacterial Vaginosis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Interaction of Macrophages and Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins: The Impact on Immune Response and Cellular Survival.Toxins · 2020Review
- Mapping of Recognition Sites of Monoclonal Antibodies Responsible for the Inhibition of Pneumolysin Functional Activity.Biomolecules · 2020Article
- Microbiota in vaginal health and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal infections: a critical review.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2020Review
- Inerolysin and vaginolysin, the cytolysins implicated in vaginal dysbiosis, differently impair molecular integrity of phospholipid membranes.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Interaction of Gardnerella vaginalis and Vaginolysin with the Apical versus Basolateral Face of a Three-Dimensional Model of Vaginal Epithelium.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Cholesterol-Dependent Cytolysins Produced by Vaginal Bacteria: Certainties and Controversies.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2019Review
- Prevalence of vaginolysin, sialidase and phospholipase genes inMedical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran · 2019Article
- Cholesterol-dependent cytolysins: from water-soluble state to membrane pore.Biophysical reviews · 2018Review
- Phenotypic characterization of Gardnerella vaginalis subgroups suggests differences in their virulence potential.PloS one · 2018Article
- The vaginal microbiota, host defence and reproductive physiology.The Journal of physiology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gardnerella vaginalis produces cytolysin vaginolysin (VLY), which has been suggested to be a contributor to bacterial vaginosis pathogenesis. VLY along with intermedilysin (ILY) from Streptococcus intermedius have been attributed to a group of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs) whose pore-forming activity depends on human CD59 (hCD59). Here, we show that different types of cells lacking hCD59 are susceptible to VLY-mediated lysis, albeit to different extents. We analyze the effects of both hCD59 and cholesterol on VLY cytolytic activity. We show that VLY binds to cholesterol-rich membranes of non-human cells, while VLY with an impaired cholesterol recognition site retains binding to the hCD59-containing cells. We further demonstrate that cholesterol binding by VLY is sufficient to trigger the formation of oligomeric complexes on cholesterol rich-liposomes lacking hCD59. Thus, VLY may induce cell lysis following two alternative pathways. One requires only cholesterol and does not depend on hCD59. The second pathway involves hCD59 contribution similarly to ILY. Apparently, under physiological conditions VLY acts in the most effective way by accepting the assistance of hCD59.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.