Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25589738›Full record

ArticleMolecular biology and evolution2015

A new method for estimating species age supports the coexistence of malaria parasites and their Mammalian hosts.

Joana C Silva, Amy Egan, Cesar Arze, John L Spouge, David G Harris

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecular biology and evolution, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Diamonds in the rif: Alignment-free comparative genomics analysis reveals strain-transcendent Plasmodium falciparum antigens amidst extensive genetic diversity.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
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  8. Variation in selective constraints along the Plasmodium life cycle.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2021
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Proposed Integrated Control of ZoonoticTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2020
    Review
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  15. The polyphyly ofRoyal Society open science · 2018
    Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Joana C SilvaInstitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine jcsilva@som.umaryland.edu.
Amy EganInstitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine.
Cesar ArzeInstitute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine.
John L SpougeNational Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD.
David G HarrisDepartment of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland, College Park.

Funding

Statistics and Algorithms in EvolutionZIALM201008 · NLM · NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE · PI SPOUGE, JOHN · 2010 to 2019
$1.6M
Intramural NIH HHSNIAID NIH HHS HHSN272200900009C
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Species in the genus Plasmodium cause malaria in humans and infect a variety of mammals and other vertebrates. Currently, estimated ages for several mammalian Plasmodium parasites differ by as much as one order of magnitude, an inaccuracy that frustrates reliable estimation of evolutionary rates of disease-related traits. We developed a novel statistical approach to dating the relative age of evolutionary lineages, based on Total Least Squares regression. We validated this lineage dating approach by applying it to the genus Drosophila. Using data from the Drosophila 12 Genomes project, our approach accurately reconstructs the age of well-established Drosophila clades, including the speciation event that led to the subgenera Drosophila and Sophophora, and age of the melanogaster species subgroup. We applied this approach to hundreds of loci from seven mammalian Plasmodium species. We demonstrate the existence of a molecular clock specific to individual Plasmodium proteins, and estimate the relative age of mammalian-infecting Plasmodium. These analyses indicate that: 1) the split between the human parasite Plasmodium vivax and P. knowlesi, from Old World monkeys, occurred 6.1 times earlier than that between P. falciparum and P. reichenowi, parasites of humans and chimpanzees, respectively; and 2) mammalian Plasmodium parasites originated 22 times earlier than the split between P. falciparum and P. reichenowi. Calibrating the absolute divergence times for Plasmodium with eukaryotic substitution rates, we show that the split between P. falciparum and P. reichenowi occurred 3.0-5.5 Ma, and that mammalian Plasmodium parasites originated over 64 Ma. Our results indicate that mammalian-infecting Plasmodium evolved contemporaneously with their hosts, with little evidence for parasite host-switching on an evolutionary scale, and provide a solid timeframe within which to place the evolution of new Plasmodium species.

Indexed as

Evolution, MolecularAnimalsHost-Parasite InteractionsHumansMalaria, FalciparumPan troglodytesPhylogenyPlasmodium falciparumPlasmodium vivaxSequence AlignmentDrosophilamalariamolecular clockPlasmodiumregressionspeciation datestotal least squares

Identifiers

PMID25589738
PMCPMC4408405

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.