ReviewClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2015
Quest for correlates of protection against tuberculosis.
Review in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 132 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antigen-specific Th1 cytokine markers and protection against tuberculosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis stratified by progression to active disease and sustained IGRA conversion.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- BCG revaccination boosts adaptive polyfunctional Th1/Th17 and innate effectors in IGRA+ and IGRA- Indian adults.JCI insight · 2019Trial
- Reduced systemic and mycobacterial antigen-stimulated concentrations of IL-1β and IL-18 in tuberculous lymphadenitis.Cytokine · 2017Trial
- Antigen 85B ofVaccines · 2026Review
- Discovery of a multi-epitope tuberculosis vaccine targeting phospholipase C virulence factors: an insilico approach.Biotechnology letters · 2026Article
- BCG vaccination induces antibacterial effector functions among Vδ1/3 T cells that are associated with protection against tuberculosis.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Enhanced immunogenicity in mouse by recombinant BCG prime and protein boost based on latency antigen Rv1733c and/or reactivation antigen RpfE.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Mincle receptor agonist UM-1098 and TLR4 agonist INI-2002 combination adjuvant enhances Th1 responses and provides protection againstVaccine: X · 2025Article
- Immune correlates of early clearance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis among tuberculosis household contacts in Indonesia.Nature communications · 2025Article
- BCG vaccination: historical role, modern applications, and future perspectives in tuberculosis and beyond.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Humoral correlate of vaccine-mediated protection from tuberculosis identified in humans and non-human primates.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Immune correlates of protection as a game changer in tuberculosis vaccine development.NPJ vaccines · 2024Review
- The BCG vaccine, advantages, and disadvantages of introducing new generation vaccines againstClinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Review
- Vaccination with Mincle agonist UM-1098 and mycobacterial antigens induces protective Th1 and Th17 responses.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Modulation of Human Macrophages by Plasma from COVID-19 Patients Following BCG Vaccination: BATTLE Trial.International journal of general medicine · 2024Article
- Shared challenges to the control of complex intracellular neglected pathogens.Frontiers in public health · 2024Review
- Model-based impact evaluation of new tuberculosis vaccines in aging populations under different modeling scenarios: the case of China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Addressing mechanism bias in model-based impact forecasts of new tuberculosis vaccines.Nature communications · 2023Article
- The Immunogenicity and Safety ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Comparative immune responses toiScience · 2023Article
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A major impediment to tuberculosis (TB) vaccine development is the lack of reliable correlates of immune protection or biomarkers that would predict vaccine efficacy. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) produced by CD4(+) T cells and, recently, multifunctional CD4(+) T cells secreting IFN-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and interleukin-2 (IL-2) have been used in vaccine studies as a measurable immune parameter, reflecting activity of a vaccine and potentially predicting protection. However, accumulating experimental evidence suggests that host resistance against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection is independent of IFN-γ and TNF secretion from CD4(+) T cells. Furthermore, the booster vaccine MVA85A, despite generating a high level of multifunctional CD4(+) T cell response in the host, failed to confer enhanced protection in vaccinated subjects. These findings suggest the need for identifying reliable correlates of protection to determine the efficacy of TB vaccine candidates. This article focuses on alternative pathways that mediate M. tuberculosis control and their potential for serving as markers of protection. The review also discusses the significance of investigating the natural human immune response to M. tuberculosis to identify the correlates of protection in vaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.