ArticleCognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience2015
Open your eyes for prediction errors.
Article in Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed.
- Lapses of attention.Psychonomic bulletin & review · 2026Review
- Fluctuations in arousal reflect latent state transitions that facilitate behavioural optimization.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- Eye Tracking Insights Into Movement Preparation and Execution Under Nonstandard Visual Movement Feedback.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Psychophysiological Outcome Responses in Human Pavlovian Fear Conditioning: A Prediction Error Analysis.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Pupillary dynamics during hands-off L2 driving and transitions of control under high cognitive load.PloS one · 2026Article
- Single-Trial Relationships Between the Error-Related Negativity, Pe, Error-Related Pupillary Dilation Response, and Post-Error Behavior.Psychophysiology · 2026Article
- The temporal dynamics of metacognitive experiences track rational adaptations in task performance.Communications psychology · 2025Article
- Neurons of Macaque Frontal Eye Field Signal Reward-Related Surprise.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Functional locus coeruleus imaging to investigate an ageing noradrenergic system.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Response times are affected by mispredictions in a stochastic game.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Long-term, multi-event surprise correlates with enhanced autobiographical memory.Nature human behaviour · 2023Article
- A functional account of stimulation-based aerobic glycolysis and its role in interpreting BOLD signal intensity increases in neuroimaging experiments.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2023Review
- Differentiating between Bayesian parameter learning and structure learning based on behavioural and pupil measures.PloS one · 2023Article
- Pupillometry tracks errors in interval timing.Behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Article
- The influence of working memory capacity and lapses of attention for variation in error monitoring.Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience · 2022Article
- Beauty and Uncertainty as Transformative Factors: A Free Energy Principle Account of Aesthetic Diagnosis and Intervention in Gestalt Psychotherapy.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Situating and extending the sense of should: Reply to comments on "The sense of should: A biologically-based framework for modeling social pressure".Physics of life reviews · 2021Article
- The sense of should: A biologically-based framework for modeling social pressure.Physics of life reviews · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that autonomic arousal is increased following correct task performance on a difficult, relative to an easy, task. Here, we hypothesized that this arousal response reflects the (relative) surprise of correct performance following a difficult versus an easy task. Following this line of reasoning, we would expect to find a reversed pattern following erroneous responses, because errors are less expected during an easy than during a difficult task. To test this, participants performed a flanker task while pupil size was measured online. As predicted, the results demonstrated that pupil size was larger following difficult (incongruent) correct trials than following easy (congruent) correct trials, but smaller following difficult than following easy incorrect trials. Moreover, participants with larger congruency effects, and hence a larger difference in outcome expectancies between the two trial types, showed larger differences in pupil size after both correct and incorrect responses, further corroborating the idea that pupil size increased as a measure of performance prediction errors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
25588818What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.