Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25588705›Full record

ArticleBMC cancer2015

Liposome encapsulated zoledronate favours M1-like behaviour in murine macrophages cultured with soluble factors from breast cancer cells.

Sofia Sousa, Seppo Auriola, Jukka Mönkkönen, Jorma Määttä

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in BMC cancer, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed.

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  13. Liposome-induced immunosuppression and tumor growth is mediated by macrophages and mitigated by liposome-encapsulated alendronate.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2018
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sofia SousaSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. sofia.sousa@uef.fi.
Seppo AuriolaSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. seppo.auriola@uef.fi.
Jukka MönkkönenSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. jukka.monkkonen@uef.fi.
Jorma MäättäSchool of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland. jorma.maatta@uef.fi.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundTumour stromal macrophages differentiate to tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) with characteristics of immunosuppressive M2-type macrophages, having a central role in promoting tumour vascularisation, cancer cell dissemination and in suppressing anti-cancer immune responses. Bisphosphonates (BPs) are a group of drugs commonly used as anti-resorptive agents. Further, nitrogen containing BPs like Zoledronate (ZOL), are known to cause unspecific inflammatory reactions hence the hypothesis that its use could modulate TAMs polarization toward a more inflammatory phenotype.

methodsWe studied the in vitro polarization of J774 murine macrophages upon culture in 4T1 breast cancer cell-conditioned medium (4T1CM) and stimulation with LPS and free and liposome-encapsulated bisphosphonates.

resultsIn this system, breast cancer soluble factors reduced the pro-inflammatory activation of macrophages but increased the secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). In the presence of 4T1CM, a non-cytotoxic dose of liposome-encapsulated ZOL (ZOL-LIP) enhanced the expression of iNOS and TNF-α, markers of M1 activation, but did not diminish the expression of M2-type markers. In contrast, clodronate treatment either as a free drug (CLO) or liposome-encapsulated (CLO-LIP) decreased the expression of the M1-type markers and was highly cytotoxic to the macrophages.

conclusionsBreast cancer cells soluble factors modulate macrophages toward M2 activation state. Bisphosphonates may be applied to counteract this modulation. We propose that ZOL-LIP may be suitable for favouring cytotoxic immune responses by TAMs in breast cancer, whereas CLO-LIP may be appropriate for TAM depletion.

Indexed as

AnimalsBreast NeoplasmsCell Line, TumorCell ProliferationCell SurvivalCulture Media, ConditionedDiphosphonatesFemaleHumansImidazolesLiposomesMacrophagesMatrix MetalloproteinasesMiceNitric Oxide Synthase Type IITumor Necrosis Factor-alphaCulture Media, ConditionedDiphosphonatesImidazolesLiposomesMatrix MetalloproteinasesNitric Oxide Synthase Type IITumor Necrosis Factor-alphaZoledronic Acid

Identifiers

PMID25588705
PMCPMC4305237

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.