Trial reportThe Journal of infectious diseases2015
Risk of drug resistance among persons acquiring HIV within a randomized clinical trial of single- or dual-agent preexposure prophylaxis.
Trial report in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low clinical impact of HIV drug resistance mutations in oral pre-exposure prophylaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Pooled it
- Effectiveness and safety of oral HIV preexposure prophylaxis for all populations.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Pooled it
- Phase 2 Study of the Safety and Tolerability of Maraviroc-Containing Regimens to Prevent HIV Infection in Men Who Have Sex With Men (HPTN 069/ACTG A5305).The Journal of infectious diseases · 2017Trial
- Preexposure prophylaxis-selected drug resistance decays rapidly after drug cessation.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Trial
- Full-Spectrum Surveillance of Pre-Treatment HIV Drug Resistance in Southeastern China.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Breakthrough Acute HIV Infections among Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Users with High Adherence: A Narrative Review.Viruses · 2024Review
- Prevention, treatment and cure of HIV infection.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2023Review
- Measuring the performance of HIV self-testing at private pharmacies in Kenya: a cross-sectional study.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- Modeling the impact of different PrEP targeting strategies combined with a clinic-based HIV-1 nucleic acid testing intervention in Kenya.Epidemics · 2023Article
- Article
- Enzyme Responsive Delivery of Anti-Retroviral Peptide via Smart Hydrogel.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2022Article
- How could HIV-1 drug resistance impact preexposure prophylaxis for HIV prevention?Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2022Review
- Cost-effectiveness of easy-access, risk-informed oral pre-exposure prophylaxis in HIV epidemics in sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study.The lancet. HIV · 2022Article
- HIV-1-infection in a man who has sex with men despite self-reported excellent adherence to pre-exposure prophylaxis, the Netherlands, August 2021: be alert to emtricitabine/tenofovir-resistant strain transmission.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2022Article
- Epidemiology and Transmitted HIV-1 Drug Resistance among Treatment-Naïve Individuals in Israel, 2010-2018.Viruses · 2021Article
- Characterization of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in Cisgender Men and Transgender Women Who Have Sex With Men Receiving Injectable Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention: HPTN 083.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Potential Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Condomless-Sex-Concentrated PrEP in KwaZulu-Natal Accounting for Drug Resistance.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Knowledge, Attitudes, and Intentions towards HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis among Nursing Students in Spain.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Observational
- Importance of early identification of PrEP breakthrough infections in a generalized HIV epidemic: a case report from a PrEP demonstration project in South Africa.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Nondaily Use of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis in a Large Online Survey of Primarily Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 8 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPreexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with emtricitabine plus tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (FTC/TDF) or TDF alone reduces the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. Understanding the risk of antiretroviral resistance selected by PrEP during breakthrough infections is important because of the risk of treatment failure during subsequent antiretroviral use.
methodsWithin the largest randomized trial of FTC/TDF versus TDF as PrEP, plasma samples were tested for HIV with resistance mutations associated with FTC (K65R and M184IV) and TDF (K65R and K70E), using 454 sequencing.
resultsOf 121 HIV seroconverters, 25 received FTC/TDF, 38 received TDF, and 58 received placebo. Plasma drug levels in 26 individuals indicated PrEP use during or after HIV acquisition, of which 5 had virus with resistance mutations associated with their PrEP regimen. Among those with PrEP drug detected during infection, resistance was more frequent in the FTC/TDF arm (4 of 7 [57%]), compared with the TDF arm (1 of 19 [5.3%]; P = .01), owing to the FTC-associated mutation M184IV. Of these cases, 3 had unrecognized acute infection at PrEP randomization, and 2 were HIV negative at enrollment.
conclusionsThese results suggest that resistance selected by PrEP is rare but can occur both with PrEP initiation during acute seronegative HIV infection and in PrEP breakthrough infections and that FTC is associated with a greater frequency of resistance mutations than TDF.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.