ArticleMucosal immunology2015
Interleukin (IL)-21 promotes intestinal IgA response to microbiota.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Common variants at PVT1, ATG13-AMBRA1, AHI1 and CLEC16A are associated with selective IgA deficiency.Nature genetics · 2016Pooled it
- Mucosal Vaccine Development: From Adjuvant Design to Next-Generation Delivery Strategies.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Striking a balance: how the gut microbiome shapes the fate of intestinal CD4+ T cells.Discovery immunology · 2026Review
- Gut mucosal immune responses - Implications for celiac disease and food allergy.Seminars in immunology · 2025Review
- Piezo1 selectively enhances TGF-β1-induced IgA class switching by B cells.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Article
- Palmoplantar Pustulosis as an Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Disease with a Possible Relevance of Th17 Cell Plasticity: A Narrative Review.Dermatology and therapy · 2025Review
- Article
- All roads lead to IgA: Mapping the many pathways of IgA induction in the gut.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Article
- Metabolic fitness of IgAMucosal immunology · 2024Article
- Interleukin-21 receptor signaling promotes metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis-driven hepatocellular carcinoma by inducing immunosuppressive IgAMolecular cancer · 2024Article
- A Germinal Center Checkpoint of AIRE in B Cells Limits Antibody Diversification.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Role of cellular effectors in the induction and maintenance of IgA responses leading to protective immunity against enteric bacterial pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- B-cell intrinsic regulation of antibody mediated immunity by histone H2A deubiquitinase BAP1.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Microbial sensing in the intestine.Protein & cell · 2023Review
- N-acetylglucosamine-6-O sulfation on intestinal mucins prevents obesity and intestinal inflammation by regulating gut microbiota.JCI insight · 2023Article
- Expression ofVaccines · 2023Article
- Review
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Commensal microbiota-specific T helper type 17 (Th17) cells are enriched in the intestines, which can convert into T follicular helper (Tfh) in Peyer's patches, and are crucial for production of intestinal immunoglobulin A (IgA) against microbiota; however, the role of Th17 and Tfh cytokines in regulating the mucosal IgA response to enteric microbiota is still not completely known. In this study, we found that intestinal IgA was impaired in mice deficient in interleukin (IL)-17 or IL-21 signaling. IL-21, but not IL-17, is able to augment B-cell differentiation to IgA(+) cells as mediated by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) and accelerate IgA class switch recombination (CSR). IL-21 and retinoic acid (RA) induce IgA(+) B-cell development and IgA production and drives autocrine TGFβ1 production to initiate IgA CSR. Repletion of T-cell-deficient TCRβxδ(-/-) mice with Th17 cells specific for commensal bacterial antigen increased the levels of IgA(+) B cells and IgA production in the intestine, which was blocked by neutralizing IL-21. Thus IL-21 functions to strongly augment IgA production under intestinal environment. Furthermore, IL-21 promotes intestinal B-cell homing through α4β7 expression, alone or with TGFβ and RA. Together, IL-21 from microbiota-specific Th17 and/or Tfh cells contributes to robust intestinal IgA levels by enhancing IgA(+) CSR, IgA production and B-cell trafficking into the intestine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.