ArticlePloS one2015
Immune surveillance by rhinovirus-specific circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes.
Article in PloS one, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lower viral loads in subjects with rhinovirus-challenged allergy despite reduced innate immunity.Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2022Trial
- Short-term repeated HRV-16 exposure results in an attenuated immune response in vivo in humans.PloS one · 2018Trial
- The rhinovirus puzzle: Linking virus and host factors to childhood asthma.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2026Review
- Mucosal Immunity: The Key to Combating Enteroviruses and Beyond.Journal of immunology research · 2026Review
- In Vitro Characterization of the Immune Response to an Epitope Ensemble Vaccine Against Rhinovirus in Pediatric Asthma and Adults With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Protocol for an Observational and Exploratory Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
- Impact of a Concurrent Respiratory Virus Infection on the Clinical Presentation and Response to Initial Treatment of Kawasaki Disease: A Single-Center Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Dysfunctional Sars-CoV-2-M protein-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in patients recovering from severe COVID-19.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Article
- Human rhinovirus-specific CD8 T cell responses target conserved and unusual epitopes.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Respiratory pathogens and clinical outcomes in children with an asthma exacerbation: A systematic review.Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada = Journal officiel de l'Association pour la microbiologie medicale et l'infectiologie Canada · 2019Review
- Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity: Part of the problem or part of the solution?Allergo Journal : interdisziplinare Zeitschrift fur Allergologie und Umweltmedizin : Organ der Deutschen Gesellschaft fur Allergie- und Immunitatsforschung · 2018Review
- The CD8 T Cell Response to Respiratory Virus Infections.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Recent advances in understanding rhinovirus immunity.F1000Research · 2018Review
- Respiratory virus-induced heterologous immunity: Part of the problem or part of the solution?Allergo journal international · 2018Review
- Virus-induced asthma attack: The importance of allergic inflammation in response to viral antigen in an animal model of asthma.PloS one · 2017Article
- Failure of itraconazole to prevent T-helper type 2 cell immune deviation: Implications for chronic rhinosinusitis.American journal of rhinology & allergy · 2016Article
- Immune Responses in Rhinovirus-Induced Asthma Exacerbations.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2016Review
- Tbet Deficiency Causes T Helper Cell Dependent Airways Eosinophilia and Mucus Hypersecretion in Response to Rhinovirus Infection.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIt is difficult to experimentally infect volunteers with RV strains to which the subject demonstrates serological immunity. However, in RV challenges, viral clearance begins before de novo adaptive immune responses would develop. We speculated that adaptive immunity to RV reflects heterologous immunity by effector memory cells.
methodsDCs were generated from monocytes using GM-CSF and IL-4 and RV39 loading accomplished with a dose of ∼ 350 TCID50/10(5) cells. RV-induced maturation was established as modulation of MHC class II, CD80, CD83, and CD86. Circulating RV targeting CD4 and CD8 T cells were investigated as induction of RV-specific proliferation (CFSE-dilution).
resultsMaturation of DC by RV was confirmed as upregulation of MHC Class II (83.3 ± 5.0% to 87.8 ± 4.1%), CD80 (39.4 ± 7.2% to 47.6 ± 7.7%) and CD86 (78.4 ± 4.7% to 84.1 ± 3.4%). Both CD4 and CD8 memory T cells were recognized in the circulation of healthy subjects.
conclusionsRV drives DC maturation and results in their ability to present RV antigens to both T helper and cytotoxic lymphocytes. Both CD4 and CD8 cells capable of recognizing RV-associated antigens are present in the circulation of healthy subjects where they are presumably involved in immune surveillance and explain the rapid recruitment of an adaptive immune response during RV infection.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.