ReviewToxins2015
Ricin trafficking in cells.
Review in Toxins, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Evolution of specialized toxin arsenals in a bacterial symbiont of arthropods.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- A fluorescence anisotropy-based competition assay to identify inhibitors against ricin and Shiga toxin ribosome interactions.Analytical biochemistry · 2024Article
- Review
- Identification and Biological Evaluation of a Novel Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Ricin Toxin.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Article
- Targeting the Inside of Cells with Biologicals: Toxin Routes in a Therapeutic Context.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2023Review
- Medical Countermeasures against Ricin Intoxication.Toxins · 2023Review
- Article
- Distinct Metabolic States Are Observed in Hypoglycemia Induced in Mice by Ricin Toxin or by Fasting.Toxins · 2022Article
- A Sixty-Year Research and Development of Trichosanthin, a Ribosome-Inactivating Protein.Toxins · 2022Review
- Differences in Medium-Induced Conformational Plasticity Presumably Underlie Different Cytotoxic Activity of Ricin and Viscumin.Biomolecules · 2022Article
- Differential ER stress as a driver of cell fate following ricin toxin exposure.FASEB bioAdvances · 2022Article
- Glycans in autophagy, endocytosis and lysosomal functions.Glycoconjugate journal · 2021Review
- Self-Assembled Nanobodies as Selectively Targeted, Nanostructured, and Multivalent Materials.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Establishment of a Novel Oral Murine Model of Ricin Intoxication and Efficacy Assessment of Ovine Ricin Antitoxins.Toxins · 2020Article
- Targeting Macromolecules to CNS and Other Hard-to-Treat Organs Using Lectin-Mediated Delivery.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Ribosome depurination by ricin leads to inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress-inducedThe Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The heterodimeric plant toxin ricin binds exposed galactosyls at the cell surface of target mammalian cells, and, following endocytosis, is transported in vesicular carriers to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Subsequently, the cell-binding B chain (RTB) and the catalytic A chain (RTA) are separated reductively, RTA embeds in the ER membrane and then retrotranslocates (or dislocates) across this membrane. The protein conducting channels used by RTA are usually regarded as part of the ER-associated protein degradation system (ERAD) that removes misfolded proteins from the ER for destruction by the cytosolic proteasomes. However, unlike ERAD substrates, cytosolic RTA avoids destruction and folds into a catalytic conformation that inactivates its target ribosomes. Protein synthesis ceases, and subsequently the cells die apoptotically. This raises questions about how this protein avoids the pathways that are normally sanctioned for ER-dislocating substrates. In this review we focus on the molecular events that occur with non-tagged ricin and its isolated subunits at the ER-cytosol interface. This focus reveals that intra-membrane interactions of RTA may control its fate, an area that warrants further investigation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.