ReviewMicrobiology spectrum2014
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance.
Review in Microbiology spectrum, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 199 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
199 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 453 citations in OpenAlex.
- Molecular epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2018Pooled it
- Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Enterobacteriaceae: a systematic review with a focus on Mediterranean countries.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2017Pooled it
- Review
- Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Characterisation ofMicroorganisms · 2026Article
- Fluoroquinolone-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- One Health transmission of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance: genomic insights at the interface of food, animals, humans and the environment.JAC-antimicrobial resistance · 2026Review
- Genomic Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae From Pakistan.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology of levofloxacin-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2026Article
- Assessment of genetic determinants of virulence and fluoroquinolone resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from urinary tract infections in Egypt.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Enrichment of the high-risk ST131 clone among ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli in a single-center cohort from Turkey: a molecular surveillance study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Genomic Characterization, Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, andAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Antibiotic resistance mechanisms and global resistance patterns of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in microbial keratitis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- Genomic determinants of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli in Nigeria: dominance of QRDR mutations and limited contribution of PMQR in a cross-sectional study.BMC medical genomics · 2026Article
- Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles ofBiology · 2026Article
- One Health Genomic Perspective on Pseudescherichia vulneris: A Neglected Reservoir of Last-Resort Resistance Genes.Current microbiology · 2026Article
- Chromosomal Mechanisms of Colistin Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Carbapenem-ResistantInfectious disease reports · 2026Article
- Widespread Multidrug Resistance and Virulence Determinants inAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- NGS-Based Genomic Characterization of ESBL/AmpC-Producing Extraintestinal PathogenicAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of aAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Poultry Proteus mirabilis in selected areas of Hunan, China: Resistance profiles and virulence genes.Poultry science · 2026Article
139 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Three mechanisms for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) have been discovered since 1998. Plasmid genes qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, and qnrVC code for proteins of the pentapeptide repeat family that protects DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV from quinolone inhibition. The qnr genes appear to have been acquired from chromosomal genes in aquatic bacteria, are usually associated with mobilizing or transposable elements on plasmids, and are often incorporated into sul1-type integrons. The second plasmid-mediated mechanism involves acetylation of quinolones with an appropriate amino nitrogen target by a variant of the common aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6')-Ib. The third mechanism is enhanced efflux produced by plasmid genes for pumps QepAB and OqxAB. PMQR has been found in clinical and environmental isolates around the world and appears to be spreading. The plasmid-mediated mechanisms provide only low-level resistance that by itself does not exceed the clinical breakpoint for susceptibility but nonetheless facilitates selection of higher-level resistance and makes infection by pathogens containing PMQR harder to treat.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.