ReviewTherapeutic advances in neurological disorders2015
Dimethyl fumarate in the treatment of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: an overview.
Review in Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 300 citations in OpenAlex.
- Adverse effects of immunotherapies for multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2023Pooled it
- Selective Brain Network and Cellular Responses Upon Dimethyl Fumarate Immunomodulation in Multiple Sclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Trial
- Neddylation: from regulatory mechanisms to clinical implications in cancer.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Neuroprotection and immunomodulation after treatment with NeuroBoost and NeuroHeal following ventral root crush in mice.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Therapeutic Approaches for HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis: Current and Emerging Strategies.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Ameliorating Effect ofAdvanced biomedical research · 2026Article
- Review
- Dimethyl Fumarate vs. Monomethyl Fumarate: Unresolved Pharmacologic Issues.Pharmaceutics · 2025Review
- Druggable genome CRISPR screening identifies the KEAP1/NRF2 axis as a mediator of PD-L1 expression.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Dimethyl fumarate alleviates inflammation during high altitude hypoxia induced acute lung injury by upregulating Nrf2/SLC7A11 pathway in ferroptosis.Clinical proteomics · 2025Article
- Nrf2 drives activation-driven expansion of CD4Cell reports · 2025Article
- Modulation of Pulmonary Inflammation and the Redox Pathway In Vitro and In Vivo by Fumaric Ester.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Omaveloxolone, But Not Dimethyl Fumarate, Improves Cardiac Function in Friedreich's Ataxia Mice With Severe Cardiomyopathy.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Hypoxia in multiple sclerosis.Redox biology · 2025Review
- Article
- Nrf2/Bach1 signaling axis: A promising multifaceted therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Targeting common disease pathomechanisms to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Therapeutic Potential of Dimethyl Fumarate for the Treatment of High-Fat/High-Sucrose Diet-Induced Obesity.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The glycolytic metabolite methylglyoxal covalently inactivates the NLRP3 inflammasome.Cell reports · 2024Article
- The Glycolytic Metabolite Methylglyoxal Covalently Inactivates the NLRP3 Inflammasome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) shares an immune-mediated origin with psoriasis. Long-term safety and efficacy data generated in Europe from usage of fumaric acid formulations in the latter disease constituted grounds to investigate their effects in MS patients. Dimethyl fumarate (DMF) was found to be the active principle in those formulations and in vitro studies have demonstrated that DMF has immune-modulatory properties exerted through abilities to divert cytokine production toward a Th2 profile, both on lymphocytes and microglial cells. More importantly, DMF was discovered to impact the anti-oxidative stress cell machinery promoting the transcription of genes downstream to the activation of the nuclear factor (erythroid derived 2)-like2 (NRF2). DMF exposure increases the cytosol concentrations of NRF2, which besides immune regulatory effects, has the potential for cytoprotection on glial cells, oligodendrocytes and neurons. Extensive and rigorous clinical trials have assessed the efficacy and safety of DMF at the dose of 240 mg twice and three times a day in relapsing-remitting MS patients during one phase IIb and two phase III trials. Robust, positive results were obtained across a number of clinical and paraclinical parameters. In one study (DEFINE), the relative reductions of the adjusted annualized relapse rate of the low and high dose regimens in comparison with placebo were 53% and 48%, respectively (p < 0.001 for both comparisons). In the other trial (CONFIRM), DMF decreased the annualized relapse rate in comparison with placebo by 44% in the lower and by 51% in higher dosage group (also p < 0.001). The number and size of lesions as detected by magnetic resonance imaging were also significantly decreased in comparison with the patients receiving DMF at every dosage. Multiple post hoc and subgroup analyses corroborated the clinical data, rendering DMF an appealing medication whose potential for impacting the degenerative aspects of MS remains to be explored.
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