ArticleInfection and immunity2015
Streptococcus pyogenes malate degradation pathway links pH regulation and virulence.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Compression-induced metabolic adaptation drives confined tumor cell migration and distant metastasis via malate-dependent microtubule reinforcement.Cell research · 2026Article
- Carbon metabolism and niche adaptation inmSphere · 2026Review
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- TheJournal of bacteriology · 2025Article
- Systematic analysis of the glucose-PTS inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Streptococcus pyogenes TrxSR Two-Component System Regulates Biofilm Production in Acidic Environments.Infection and immunity · 2021Article
- Single Amino Acid Replacements in RocA Disrupt Protein-Protein Interactions To Alter the Molecular Pathogenesis of Group AInfection and immunity · 2020Article
- Article
- Clinical Manifestations and Bacterial Genomic Analysis of Group A Streptococcus Strains That Cause Pediatric Toxic Shock Syndrome.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2019Article
- Group A Streptococcal Virulence: New Lessons.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2019Article
- Malate-Dependent Carbon Utilization Enhances Central Metabolism and Contributes to Biological Fitness ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- CcpA Coordinates Growth/Damage Balance for Streptococcus pyogenes Pathogenesis.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- In silico characterisation of the two-component system regulators of Streptococcus pyogenes.PloS one · 2018Article
- The malate sensing two-component system MaeKR is a non-canonical class of sensory complex for C4-dicarboxylates.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Host and bacterial proteases influence biofilm formation and virulence in a murine model of enterococcal catheter-associated urinary tract infection.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2017Article
- Discovery and Characterization of Human-Urine Utilization by Asymptomatic-Bacteriuria-Causing Streptococcus agalactiae.Infection and immunity · 2016Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The ability of Streptococcus pyogenes to infect different niches within its human host most likely relies on its ability to utilize alternative carbon sources. In examining this question, we discovered that all sequenced S. pyogenes strains possess the genes for the malic enzyme (ME) pathway, which allows malate to be used as a supplemental carbon source for growth. ME is comprised of four genes in two adjacent operons, with the regulatory two-component MaeKR required for expression of genes encoding a malate permease (maeP) and malic enzyme (maeE). Analysis of transcription indicated that expression of maeP and maeE is induced by both malate and low pH, and induction in response to both cues is dependent on the MaeK sensor kinase. Furthermore, both maePE and maeKR are repressed by glucose, which occurs via a CcpA-independent mechanism. Additionally, malate utilization requires the PTS transporter EI enzyme (PtsI), as a PtsI(-) mutant fails to express the ME genes and is unable to utilize malate. Virulence of selected ME mutants was assessed in a murine model of soft tissue infection. MaeP(-), MaeK(-), and MaeR(-) mutants were attenuated for virulence, whereas a MaeE(-) mutant showed enhanced virulence compared to that of the wild type. Taken together, these data show that ME contributes to S. pyogenes' carbon source repertory, that malate utilization is a highly regulated process, and that a single regulator controls ME expression in response to diverse signals. Furthermore, malate uptake and utilization contribute to the adaptive pH response, and ME can influence the outcome of infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.