ReviewAnnual review of clinical psychology2015
The development and course of bipolar spectrum disorders: an integrated reward and circadian rhythm dysregulation model.
Review in Annual review of clinical psychology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Comorbid Schizophrenia and Psychotic Symptoms in Patients With Bipolar Disorder: A Meta-Analysis of the Global Literature.Bipolar disorders · 2026Pooled it
- Boulevard of broken rhythms: A systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between sleep disturbances and suicidal behavior in bipolar disorder.European psychiatry : the journal of the Association of European Psychiatrists · 2025Pooled it
- Altered brain activation during reward anticipation in bipolar disorder.Translational psychiatry · 2022Pooled it
- Neural reward circuit dysfunction as a risk factor for bipolar spectrum disorders and substance use disorders: A review and integration.Clinical psychology review · 2021Pooled it
- Neural signatures of risk-taking adaptions across health, bipolar disorder, and lithium treatment.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Trial
- Neural Markers of Reward Valuation and Impulsive Decision-Making in Mania Risk.JAMA psychiatry · 2026Article
- The Theory of Metabolic Jet Lag in Bipolar Disorder: A Pilot Feasibility Study Exploring the Association Between Eating Rhythm Disruption and Illness Burden Parameters.Bipolar disorders · 2026Article
- Test of the reward/circadian rhythm dysregulation model of risk for bipolar spectrum disorders at a micro time scale using multilevel moderated mediation.Journal of psychopathology and clinical science · 2026Article
- Social Rhythms, Depressive Symptoms, and Quality of Life: An Unbreakable Bond in an Older Adult Sample.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Observational
- Reward Sensitivity's Associations with Morningness-Eveningness and Other Circadian-Coupled Behavioral Phenomena: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cross-Sectional and Prospective Relationships.Clinical psychology : a publication of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association · 2026Article
- Reinforcement learning impairment in individuals with euthymic bipolar I disorder with a history of psychosis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Melatonin Circadian Phase Timing and Stability: Associations With Mood Symptoms Among a Clinically-Enriched Sample of Young Adults With Mood Disorders.Journal of pineal research · 2026Article
- Advanced biomaterials and digital twins for precision psychiatry: neuroimmune modulation and AI-guided therapeutics.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Long-Term Efficacy and Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Changes of Deep Brain Stimulation in the Lateral Habenula Nucleus for Treatment-Resistant Bipolar Disorder.Brain and behavior · 2025Article
- Reward Sensitivity, Pubertal Development, and Circadian Rhythms: A Window into Adolescent Risk for Depressive Symptoms.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2025Article
- Neuroanatomical and Functional Correlates in Bipolar Disorder (BD): A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Screen time and manic symptoms in early adolescents: prospective findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Reward Processing in Mood Disorders and Schizophrenia: A Neurodevelopmental Framework.Annual review of clinical psychology · 2025Review
- Glymphatic system and psychiatric disorders: need for a new paradigm?Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Review
- A pre-post trial to examine biological mechanisms of the effects of time-restricted eating on symptoms and quality of life in bipolar disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2024Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
In this article, we present and review the evidence for two major biopsychosocial theories of the onset and course of bipolar spectrum disorders (BSDs) that integrate behavioral, environmental, and neurobiological mechanisms: the reward hypersensitivity and the social/circadian rhythm disruption models. We describe the clinical features, spectrum, age of onset, and course of BSDs. We then discuss research designs relevant to demonstrating whether a hypothesized mechanism represents a correlate, vulnerability, or predictor of the course of BSDs, as well as important methodological issues. We next present the reward hypersensitivity model of BSD, followed by the social/circadian rhythm disruption model of BSD. For each model, we review evidence regarding whether the proposed underlying mechanism is associated with BSDs, provides vulnerability to the onset of BSDs, and predicts the course of BSDs. We then present a new integrated reward/circadian rhythm (RCR) dysregulation model of BSD and discuss how the RCR model explains the symptoms, onset, and course of BSDs. We end with recommendations for future research directions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.