ArticleFrontiers of medicine2014
Inflammatory leukocyte phenotypes correlate with disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
Article in Frontiers of medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Peripheral blood monocyte count and outcomes in patients with interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2023Pooled it
- Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Animal Bleomycin Pulmonary Fibrosis Models: A Systematic Review.Stem cells translational medicine · 2015Pooled it
- Immunological mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in pulmonary fibrosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- The clinical utility of elevated monocyte count in patients with fibrotic interstitial lung disease.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- A combined measure of blood leukocytes, forced vital capacity and quantitative CT is highly predictive of mortality in IPF: results of a single-centre cohort study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Sex and disease regulate major histocompatibility complex class I expression in human lung epithelial cells.Physiological reports · 2024Article
- Exploring the causal relationship between immune cells and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Elucidating the causal associations and mechanisms between circulating immune cells and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: new insights from Mendelian randomization and transcriptomics.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio in patients with idiopathic pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Article
- Identification of diagnostic hub genes related to neutrophils and infiltrating immune cell alterations in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Myeloid- and Epithelial-derived Heparin-Binding Epidermal Growth Factor-like Growth Factor Promotes Pulmonary Fibrosis.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2022Article
- The Role of Nrf2 in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment Approaches.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio as an indicator for disease progression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2022Article
- Development and validation of the prognostic model based on autophagy-associated genes in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Blood monocyte counts as a prognostic biomarker and predictor in Chinese patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Article
- Distal Lung Microenvironment Triggers Release of Mediators Recognized as Potential Systemic Biomarkers for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Monocyte Count as a Prognostic Biomarker in Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Article
- Article
- Changes in Neutrophil-Lymphocyte or Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratios and Their Associations with Clinical Outcomes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Whole-exome sequencing identifies susceptibility genes and pathways for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in the Chinese population.Scientific reports · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive deposition of extracellular matrix, worsening dyspnea, and eventual mortality. Pathogenesis of IPF is poorly understood and the role inflammation and activated leukocytes play in the disease process is controversial. Previous studies demonstrated that activated leukocyte subsets characterize IPF patients. We sought to validate this observation in a well-defined cohort of 35 IPF patients and to correlate the observed leukocyte phenotypes with robust parameters of disease progression. We demonstrate that in univariate and multivariate analyses, increases in the CD14hi, CD16hi subset of monocytes measured at baseline correlated with disease progression, with a threshold value >0.5% of the total peripheral blood mononuclear cells being a significant predictor for worse outcome. In addition, several T cell subsets, including CD25 expressing CD4 cells, and CXCR3 expressing CD4 and CD8 subsets correlated with disease progression when found in increased percentages in the peripheral blood of IPF patients when sampled at baseline. Somewhat surprising in comparison to previous literature, the CD4 T cells did not appear to have lost expression of the co-stimulatory molecule, CD28, but the CD8 T cells did. Taken together, these results are consistent with the presence of an inflammatory process in IPF patients who eventually progress. However, when longitudinal measurements of these same markers were examined, there was significant heterogeneity of expression and these biomarkers did not necessarily remain elevated in IPF patients with progressive disease. We interpret this heterogeneity to suggest that IPF patients experience episodic inflammatory events that once triggered, may lead to disease progression. This longitudinal heterogeneity in biomarker analyses may explain why such markers are not consistently measured in all IPF cohorts.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.