ArticleExperimental eye research2015
Tear metabolite changes in keratoconus.
Article in Experimental eye research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring biomarkers for keratoconus: current insights and future directions.Molecular biology reports · 2025Review
- The microenvironment of ocular surface in keratoconus: a systematic review.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2025Review
- Investigating prolactin-induced protein and its role in modulating the metabolic state of the keratoconus microenvironment.Experimental eye research · 2025Review
- Keratoconus: The Local Manifestation of a Systemic Disease?Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Omics in Keratoconus: From Molecular to Clinical Practice.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Mendelian randomization reveals that abnormal lipid metabolism mediates the causal relationship between body mass index and keratoconus.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Tear-Based Ocular Wearable Biosensors for Human Health Monitoring.Biosensors · 2024Review
- A Look into Ocular Diseases: The Pivotal Role of Omics Sciences in Ophthalmology Research.ACS measurement science au · 2024Review
- Analysis of Cytokine and Chemokine Level in Tear Film in Keratoconus Patients before and after Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL) Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Systemic and Ocular Associations of Keratoconus.Expert review of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Oxidative stress in the eye and its role in the pathophysiology of ocular diseases.Redox biology · 2023Review
- Corneal stromal regeneration-keratoconus cell therapy: a review.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2023Review
- Review
- New insight of metabolomics in ocular diseases in the context of 3P medicine.The EPMA journal · 2023Review
- Diagnosis and biomarkers for ocular tuberculosis: From the present into the future.Theranostics · 2023Review
- Revealing the presence of tear extracellular vesicles in Keratoconus.Experimental eye research · 2022Article
- Single-cell atlas of keratoconus corneas revealed aberrant transcriptional signatures and implicated mechanical stretch as a trigger for keratoconus pathogenesis.Cell discovery · 2022Article
- Altered Regulation of mRNA and miRNA Expression in Epithelial and Stromal Tissue of Keratoconus Corneas.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2022Article
- Pathogenesis of keratoconus: NRF2-antioxidant, extracellular matrix and cellular dysfunctions.Experimental eye research · 2022Review
- Fast and Sensitive Quantification of AccQ-Tag Derivatized Amino Acids and Biogenic Amines by UHPLC-UV Analysis from Complex Biological Samples.Metabolites · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
While efforts have been made over the years, the exact cause of keratoconus (KC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to identify alterations in endogenous metabolites in the tears of KC patients compared with age-matched healthy subjects. Three groups were tested: 1) Age-matched controls with no eye disease (N = 15), 2) KC - patients wearing Rigid Gas permeable lenses (N = 16), and 3) KC - No Correction (N = 14). All samples were processed for metabolomics analysis using LC-MS/MS. We identified a total of 296 different metabolites of which >40 were significantly regulated between groups. Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis had significant changes, such as 3-phosphoglycerate and 1,3 diphosphateglycerate. As a result the citric acid cycle (TCA) was also affected with notable changes in Isocitrate, aconitate, malate, and acetylphosphate, up regulated in Group 2 and/or 3. Urea cycle was also affected, especially in Group 3 where ornithine and aspartate were up-regulated by at least 3 fold. The oxidation state was also severely affected. Groups 2 and 3 were under severe oxidative stress causing multiple metabolites to be regulated when compared to Group 1. Group 2 and 3, both showed significant down regulation in GSH-to-GSSG ratio when compared to Group 1. Another indicator of oxidative stress, the ratio of lactate - pyruvate was also affected with Groups 2 and 3 showing at least a 2-fold up regulation. Overall, our data indicate that levels of metabolites related to urea cycle, TCA cycle and oxidative stress are highly altered in KC patients.
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