ArticleHealth & place2015
Using cross-classified multilevel models to disentangle school and neighborhood effects: an example focusing on smoking behaviors among adolescents in the United States.
Article in Health & place, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role of Schools in Early Adolescents' Mental Health: Findings From the MYRIAD Study.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Individual, school, and neighborhood influences on disordered eating behaviors in adolescence and eating disorders in young adulthood.Health & place · 2026Article
- A data quality study investigating the fieldworker's impact on the reporting discrepancies of pre-marital sexual relationships among unmarried men and women in India.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Where you live and where you receive care: Using cross-classified multilevel modeling to examine hospital and neighborhood variation in in-hospital mortality and mortality disparities.Annals of epidemiology · 2025Article
- Adolescent individual, school, and neighborhood influences on young adult diabetes risk.Health & place · 2023Article
- Age, Period, and Cohort Analysis of Smoking Intensity Among Current Smokers in Malaysia, 1996-2015.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Article
- Quality of anthropometric data in India's National Family Health Survey: Disentangling interviewer and area effect using a cross-classified multilevel model.SSM - population health · 2022Article
- The relationship of maternal rank, 5-HTTLPR genotype, and MAOA-LPR genotype to temperament in infant rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).American journal of primatology · 2022Article
- Keeping up with the Wangs: individual and contextual influences on mental wellbeing and depressive symptoms in China.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Adolescent individual, school, and neighborhood influences on young adult hypertension risk.PloS one · 2022Article
- Concentrated Poverty in U.S. Schools and Adolescents' Risk of Being Overweight.Social currents · 2021Article
- Measurement in Intensive Longitudinal Data.Structural equation modeling : a multidisciplinary journal · 2021Article
- Cross-classified multilevel models (CCMM) in health research: A systematic review of published empirical studies and recommendations for best practices.SSM - population health · 2020Review
- School Social Capital and Tobacco Experimentation Among Adolescents: Evidence From a Cross-Classified Multilevel, Longitudinal Analysis.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2020Article
- Tobacco Retail Density and Initiation of Alternative Tobacco Product Use Among Teens.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2020Article
- Longitudinal associations of neighborhood socioeconomic status with cardiovascular risk factors: A 46-year follow-up study.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2019Article
- Article
- The Relative Association of Collective Efficacy in School and Neighborhood Contexts With Adolescent Alcohol Use.Journal of epidemiology · 2019Article
- Schools Influence Adolescent E-Cigarette use, but when? Examining the Interdependent Association between School Context and Teen Vaping over time.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2019Article
- Context Matters: Adolescent Neighborhood and School Influences on Young Adult Body Mass Index.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundDespite much interest in understanding the influence of contexts on health, most research has focused on one context at a time, ignoring the reality that individuals have simultaneous memberships in multiple settings.
methodUsing the example of smoking behavior among adolescents in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, we applied cross-classified multilevel modeling (CCMM) to examine fixed and random effects for schools and neighborhoods. We compared the CCMM results with those obtained from a traditional multilevel model (MLM) focused on either the school and neighborhood separately.
resultsIn the MLMs, 5.2% of the variation in smoking was due to differences between neighborhoods (when schools were ignored) and 6.3% of the variation in smoking was due to differences between schools (when neighborhoods were ignored). However in the CCMM examining neighborhood and school variation simultaneously, the neighborhood-level variation was reduced to 0.4%.
conclusionResults suggest that using MLM, instead of CCMM, could lead to overestimating the importance of certain contexts and could ultimately lead to targeting interventions or policies to the wrong settings.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.