ReviewJournal of autoimmunity2015
Glycans in the immune system and The Altered Glycan Theory of Autoimmunity: a critical review.
Review in Journal of autoimmunity, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 226 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
226 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 457 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular Matrix Remodeling and Glycoprotein Biomarkers Across Osteoarthritis, Rheumatoid Arthritis, and Temporomandibular Disorders: A Systematic Review and Integrative Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Deciphering the mechanisms of macrophage polarization through comprehensive analysis of cellular and cell-surface protein glycosylation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Mechanochemical Production of Oligosaccharide Alcohols via Borohydride-Mediated Activation and Reductive Stabilization.ChemSusChem · 2026Article
- A Serum N-Glycan Ratio Associated With Disease Severity and Treatment Response in Psoriasis.The Journal of dermatology · 2026Article
- Spatial Glyco-Codes Define Human Liver Pathology and Progression.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Xenosialylation as immunological chimerism: a host-centered unifying model for viral and post-vaccination immune complications.European cytokine network · 2026Review
- The asialoglycoprotein receptor 1 (ASGR1): emerging new roles in health and disease.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- A Protein-Centric Strategy Coupled with Match-Between-Run Glycoproteomics Enables Discovery of Robust Site-Specific Glycan Biomarkers for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Glycosylation as a dynamic regulator of RLR and cGAS-STING innate immune signalling pathways.Communications biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Estradiol regulates osteoclast sialylation via ST3Gal1 in postmenopausal osteoporosis.Bone research · 2026Article
- Assessment of IgG N-Glycan patterns in adult patients with immune thrombocytopenia and healthy individuals.Glycoconjugate journal · 2026Article
- IgG N-glycosylation in autoimmune diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Immunoglobulin G N-glycosylation remodeling in viral infections: immunomodulatory roles and potential biomarker implications.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- [Molecular imprinting strategies and advances targeting biomembranes].Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography · 2026Review
- Immunomodulation by glycosylation: bridging glycobiology to adaptive immunity and therapeutic innovation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Integrated multi-omics atlas reveals PTM-driven signaling and immunologic remodeling in a mouse model of age-related subclinical hypothyroidism.American journal of translational research · 2026Article
- Serum IgG N-glycans act as serum biomarkers for differentiation of cold and heat pattern in rheumatoid arthritis.Chinese medicine · 2025Article
- Immunoglobulin G Subclass-Specific Glycosylation Changes in Rheumatoid Arthritis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Glycomics in Human Diseases and Its Emerging Role in Biomarker Discovery.Biomedicines · 2025Review
166 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Herein we will review the role of glycans in the immune system. Specific topics covered include: the glycosylation sites of IgE, IgM, IgD, IgE, IgA, and IgG; how glycans can encode "self" identity by functioning as either danger associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) or self-associated molecular patterns (SAMPs); the role of glycans as markers of protein integrity and age; how the glycocalyx can dictate the migration pattern of immune cells; and how the combination of Fc N-glycans and Ig isotype dictate the effector function of immunoglobulins. We speculate that the latter may be responsible for the well-documented association between alterations of the serum glycome and autoimmunity. Due to technological limitations, the extent of these autoimmune-associated glycan alterations and their role in disease pathophysiology has not been fully elucidated. Thus, we also review the current technologies available for glycan analysis, placing an emphasis on Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM), a rapid high-throughput technology that has great potential for glycan biomarker research. Finally, we put forth The Altered Glycan Theory of Autoimmunity, which states that each autoimmune disease will have a unique glycan signature characterized by the site-specific relative abundances of individual glycan structures on immune cells and extracellular proteins, especially the site-specific glycosylation patterns of the different immunoglobulin(Ig) classes and subclasses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.