ReviewEukaryotic cell2015
DNA double-strand breaks and telomeres play important roles in trypanosoma brucei antigenic variation.
Review in Eukaryotic cell, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translesion synthesis and microhomology-mediated end-joining repair in trypanosomatids.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Review
- Review
- Unwrap RAP1's Mystery at Kinetoplastid Telomeres.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Comparative Proteomic Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Telomere maintenance in African trypanosomes.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2023Review
- Shared Mechanisms for Mutually Exclusive Expression and Antigenic Variation by Protozoan Parasites.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- TbSAP is a novel chromatin protein repressing metacyclic variant surface glycoprotein expression sites in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei.Nucleic acids research · 2021Article
- May the Odds Be Ever in Your Favor: Non-deterministic Mechanisms Diversifying Cell Surface Molecule Expression.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- DNA Double-Strand Breaks: A Double-Edged Sword for Trypanosomatids.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Telomeric and sub-telomeric regions undergo rapid turnover within a Streptomyces population.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Causes and Effects of Loss of Classical Nonhomologous End Joining Pathway in Parasitic Eukaryotes.mBio · 2019Article
- Rapid antigen diversification through mitotic recombination in the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum.PLoS biology · 2019Article
- Chromatin architecture and virulence-related gene expression in eukaryotic microbial pathogens.Current genetics · 2019Review
- Article
- Evaluation of mechanisms that may generate DNA lesions triggering antigenic variation in African trypanosomes.PLoS pathogens · 2018Review
- Chromosome ends as adaptive beginnings: the potential role of dysfunctional telomeres in subtelomeric evolvability.Current genetics · 2018Review
- Trypanosoma brucei UMSBP2 is a single-stranded telomeric DNA binding protein essential for chromosome end protection.Nucleic acids research · 2018Article
- Recruitment kinetics of the homologous recombination pathway in procyclic forms of Trypanosoma brucei after ionizing radiation treatment.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Article
- The role of genomic location and flanking 3'UTR in the generation of functional levels of variant surface glycoprotein in Trypanosoma brucei.Molecular microbiology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Human-infecting microbial pathogens all face a serious problem of elimination by the host immune response. Antigenic variation is an effective immune evasion mechanism where the pathogen regularly switches its major surface antigen. In many cases, the major surface antigen is encoded by genes from the same gene family, and its expression is strictly monoallelic. Among pathogens that undergo antigenic variation, Trypanosoma brucei (a kinetoplastid), which causes human African trypanosomiasis, Plasmodium falciparum (an apicomplexan), which causes malaria, Pneumocystis jirovecii (a fungus), which causes pneumonia, and Borrelia burgdorferi (a bacterium), which causes Lyme disease, also express their major surface antigens from loci next to the telomere. Except for Plasmodium, DNA recombination-mediated gene conversion is a major pathway for surface antigen switching in these pathogens. In the last decade, more sophisticated molecular and genetic tools have been developed in T. brucei, and our knowledge of functions of DNA recombination in antigenic variation has been greatly advanced. VSG is the major surface antigen in T. brucei. In subtelomeric VSG expression sites (ESs), VSG genes invariably are flanked by a long stretch of upstream 70-bp repeats. Recent studies have shown that DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), particularly those in 70-bp repeats in the active ES, are a natural potent trigger for antigenic variation in T. brucei. In addition, telomere proteins can influence VSG switching by reducing the DSB amount at subtelomeric regions. These findings will be summarized and their implications will be discussed in this review.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.