ArticleCarcinogenesis2015
Testosterone regulates thyroid cancer progression by modifying tumor suppressor genes and tumor immunity.
Article in Carcinogenesis, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Differentiated Thyroid Cancer Is Associated With Sex-specific Immune Response.Journal of the Endocrine Society · 2026Article
- Gut microbiome-driven regulation of sex hormone homeostasis: a potential neuroendocrine connection.Gut microbes · 2025Article
- Article
- Multi-disease transcriptomic analysis of sex hormone genes reveals a novel prognostic model for thyroid cancer with breast cancer correlations.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Sex bias in tumor immunity: insights from immune cells.Theranostics · 2025Review
- The Innate Immune System and the TRAIL-Bcl-XL Axis Mediate a Sex Bias in Lung Cancer and Confer a Therapeutic Vulnerability in Females.Cancer research · 2024Article
- Serum sex hormones correlate with pathological features of papillary thyroid cancer.Endocrine · 2024Article
- A review of complex hormone regulation in thyroid cancer: novel insights beyond the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Review
- Long-term prognostic analysis of children and adolescents with differentiated thyroid carcinoma based on therapeutic response to initial radioiodine therapy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Polycystic ovary syndrome and thyroid disorder: a comprehensive narrative review of the literature.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Review
- Testosterone protects mice against zika virus infection and suppresses the inflammatory response in the brain.iScience · 2022Article
- Hormonal Crosstalk Between Thyroid and Breast Cancer.Endocrinology · 2022Review
- Puberty and sex in pediatric thyroid cancer: could expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors affect prognosis?European thyroid journal · 2022Article
- Glioma pathogenesis-related protein 1 performs dual functions in tumor cells.Cancer gene therapy · 2022Review
- Roles and new Insights of Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment of Thyroid Cancer.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Sex disparities in thyroid cancer: a SEER population study.Gland surgery · 2021Article
- Article
- Review
- Sex-Biased Molecular Signature for Overall Survival of Liver Cancer Patients.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2020Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cancer gender disparity has been observed for a variety of human malignancies. Thyroid cancer is one such cancer with a higher incidence in women, but more aggressive disease in men. There is scant evidence on the role of sex hormones on cancer initiation/progression. Using a transgenic mouse model of follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), we found castration led to lower rates of cancer in females and less advanced cancer in males. Mechanistically, less advanced cancer in castrated males was due to increased expression of tumor suppressor (Glipr1, Sfrp1) and immune-regulatory genes and higher tumor infiltration with M1 macrophages and CD8 cells. Functional study showed that GLIPR1 reduced cell growth and increased chemokine secretion (Ccl5) that activates immune cells. Our data demonstrate that testosterone regulates thyroid cancer progression by reducing tumor suppressor gene expression and tumor immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.