Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25575148›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA

Are community-based pharmacists underused in the care of persons living with HIV? A need for structural and policy changes.

Jennifer Kibicho, Steven D Pinkerton, Jill Owczarzak, Lucy Mkandawire-Valhmu, Peninnah M Kako

Abstract readMulticenter Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Pharmacists Association : JAPhA. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Pharmacists' perceptions about providing COVID-19 vaccines in community settings.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023
    Article
  2. The role of community pharmacies in the HIV and HCV care continuum.Exploratory research in clinical and social pharmacy · 2023
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jennifer Kibicho
Steven D Pinkerton
Jill Owczarzak
Lucy Mkandawire-Valhmu
Peninnah M Kako

Funding

QUANTITATIVE COREP30MH052776 · NIMH · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI MCAULIFFE, TIMOTHY L · 1994 to 2018
$33.2M
NRSA POSTDOCTORAL TRAINING PROGRAM IN HIV PREVENTION REST32MH019985 · NIMH · MEDICAL COLLEGE OF WISCONSIN · PI GALLETLY, CAROL L · 1996 to 2017
$2.4M
NIMH NIH HHS P30 MH052776NIMH NIH HHS P30-MH52776NIMH NIH HHS T32 MH019985NIMH NIH HHS T32-MH19985
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo describe community pharmacists' perceptions on their current role in direct patient care services, an expanded role for pharmacists in providing patient care services, and changes needed to optimally use pharmacists' expertise to provide high-quality direct patient care services to people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections.

designCross-sectional study.

settingFour Midwestern cities in the United States in August through October 2009.

participants28 community-based pharmacists practicing in 17 pharmacies.

interventionsInterviews.

main outcome measuresOpinions of participants about roles of specialty and nonspecialty pharmacists in caring for patients living with HIV infections.

resultsPharmacists noted that although challenges in our health care system characterized by inaccessible health professionals presented opportunities for a greater pharmacist role, there were missed opportunities for greater level of patient care services in many community-based nonspecialty settings. Many pharmacists in semispecialty and nonspecialty pharmacies expressed a desire for an expanded role in patient care congruent with their pharmacy education and training.

conclusionStructural-level policy changes needed to transform community-based pharmacy settings to patient-centered medical homes include recognizing pharmacists as important players in the multidisciplinary health care team, extending the health information exchange highway to include pharmacist-generated electronic therapeutic records, and realigning financial incentives. Comprehensive policy initiatives are needed to optimize the use of highly trained pharmacists in enhancing the quality of health care to an ever-growing number of Americans with chronic conditions who access care in community-based pharmacy settings.

Indexed as

Community Pharmacy ServicesDelivery of Health CarePatient Care TeamPharmacistsProfessional RoleAnti-HIV AgentsAttitude of Health PersonnelCross-Sectional StudiesHealth Care SurveysHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeHIV InfectionsHumansJob DescriptionMedication Therapy ManagementMidwestern United StatesPatient SafetyAnti-HIV Agents

Identifiers

PMID25575148
PMCPMC4858315

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.