Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25574603›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2015

Whole exome sequencing in females with autism implicates novel and candidate genes.

Merlin G Butler, Syed K Rafi, Waheeda Hossain, Dietrich A Stephan, Ann M Manzardo

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
52citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
6.8field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 98 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. The Eph-ephrin system in neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders.Journal of psychiatry & neuroscience : JPN · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
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  7. Atypical Cadherin FAT2 Is Required for Synaptic Integrity and Motor Behaviors.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Merlin G ButlerDepartments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 4015, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. mbutler4@kumc.edu.
Syed K RafiDepartments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 4015, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. rafigene@yahoo.com.
Waheeda HossainDepartments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 4015, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. whossain@kumc.edu.
Dietrich A StephanDepartment of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. dstephan@pitt.edu.
Ann M ManzardoDepartments of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, MS 4015, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA. amanzardo@kumc.edu.
University of Kansas Medical Center · USUniversity of Pittsburgh · US

Funding

Research Design and Analysis Core (RDAC)P30HD002528 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE · PI FOWLER, STEPHEN CLETIUS · 1985 to 2015
$22.1M
Heartland Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchUL1TR000001 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS MEDICAL CENTER · PI BAROHN, RICHARD J. · 2012 to 2015
$13.0M
Using PCORnet to Expand the DS-CONNECT Cohort Through Healthcare System Recruitment, Incorporating Electronic Health Records, and Assessing Self-DeterminationU54HD090216 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE · PI COLOMBO, JOHN A. · 2016 to 2020
$6.2M
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000001NCATS NIH HHS UL1TR000001NICHD NIH HHS HD02528NICHD NIH HHS P30 HD002528NICHD NIH HHS U54 HD090216
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Classical autism or autistic disorder belongs to a group of genetically heterogeneous conditions known as Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Heritability is estimated as high as 90% for ASD with a recently reported compilation of 629 clinically relevant candidate and known genes. We chose to undertake a descriptive next generation whole exome sequencing case study of 30 well-characterized Caucasian females with autism (average age, 7.7 ± 2.6 years; age range, 5 to 16 years) from multiplex families. Genomic DNA was used for whole exome sequencing via paired-end next generation sequencing approach and X chromosome inactivation status. The list of putative disease causing genes was developed from primary selection criteria using machine learning-derived classification score and other predictive parameters (GERP2, PolyPhen2, and SIFT). We narrowed the variant list to 10 to 20 genes and screened for biological significance including neural development, function and known neurological disorders. Seventy-eight genes identified met selection criteria ranging from 1 to 9 filtered variants per female. Five females presented with functional variants of X-linked genes (IL1RAPL1, PIR, GABRQ, GPRASP2, SYTL4) with cadherin, protocadherin and ankyrin repeat gene families most commonly altered (e.g., CDH6, FAT2, PCDH8, CTNNA3, ANKRD11). Other genes related to neurogenesis and neuronal migration (e.g., SEMA3F, MIDN), were also identified.

Indexed as

AdolescentAnkyrinsAutistic DisorderCadherinsChildChild, PreschoolFemaleGenome, HumanHigh-Throughput Nucleotide SequencingHumansNeurogenesisPolymorphism, Single NucleotideSequence Analysis, DNAAnkyrinsCadherins

Identifiers

PMID25574603
PMCPMC4307305
OpenAlexW2029721215

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.