Observational studyThe European respiratory journal2015
Neuraminidase inhibitors, superinfection and corticosteroids affect survival of influenza patients.
Observational study in The European respiratory journal, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 93 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between Glucocorticoids and Mortality in Patients with Severe Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Based on Randomized Controlled Trials.Computational and mathematical methods in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of corticosteroids in COVID-19 based on evidence for COVID-19, other coronavirus infections, influenza, community-acquired pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2020Pooled it
- Use of corticosteroids in influenza-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome and severe pneumonia: a systemic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- The effect of corticosteroids on mortality of patients with influenza pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2019Pooled it
- Corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the treatment of influenza.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- PANoptosis in Cytokine Release Syndrome: Bridging the Gap between Inflammation and Cell Death.Current pharmaceutical design · 2026Review
- Inhibition of cap-dependent endonuclease in influenza virus with ADC189: a pre-clinical analysis and phase I trial.Frontiers of medicine · 2025Article
- Influenza presentations and use of neuraminidase inhibitors by Australian general practice registrars: a cross-sectional analysis from the ReCEnT study.Family medicine and community health · 2023Article
- Managing the Next Wave of Influenza and/or SARS-CoV-2 in the ICU-Practical Recommendations from an Expert Group for CAPA/IAPA Patients.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Point-of-Care Influenza Testing Impacts Clinical Decision, Patient Flow, and Length of Stay in Hospitalized Adults.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Observational
- Respiratory syncytial virus-associated acute respiratory illness in adult non-immunocompromised patients: Outcomes, determinants of outcomes, and the effect of oral ribavirin treatment.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2022Observational
- The effect of statins on the prevalence and mortality of influenza virus infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2022Review
- Hyperinflammatory environment drives dysfunctional myeloid cell effector response to bacterial challenge in COVID-19.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Evaluation of the therapeutic regimen in COVID-19 in transplant patients: where do immunomodulatory and antivirals stand?Virology journal · 2021Article
- COVID-19-related mortality in kidney transplant and haemodialysis patients: a comparative, prospective registry-based study.Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association · 2021Article
- A comprehensive review of COVID-19 biology, diagnostics, therapeutics, and disease impacting the central nervous system.Journal of neurovirology · 2021Review
- Clinical and etiological analysis of co-infections and secondary infections in COVID-19 patients: An observational study.The clinical respiratory journal · 2021Observational
- Corticosteroids Treatment of Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Propensity Score Matching Study.Current medical science · 2021Article
- Interactions of Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 with the Lung Endothelium: Similarities, Differences, and Implications for Therapy.Viruses · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We aimed to study factors influencing outcomes of adults hospitalised for seasonal and pandemic influenza. Individual-patient data from three Asian cohorts (Hong Kong, Singapore and Beijing; N=2649) were analysed. Adults hospitalised for laboratory-confirmed influenza (prospectively diagnosed) during 2008-2011 were studied. The primary outcome measure was 30-day survival. Multivariate Cox regression models (time-fixed and time-dependent) were used. Patients had high morbidity (respiratory/nonrespiratory complications in 68.4%, respiratory failure in 48.6%, pneumonia in 40.8% and bacterial superinfections in 10.8%) and mortality (5.9% at 30 days and 6.9% at 60 days). 75.2% received neuraminidase inhibitors (NAI) (73.8% received oseltamivir and 1.4% received peramivir/zanamivir; 44.5% of patients received NAI ≤2 days and 65.5% ≤5 days after onset of illness); 23.1% received systemic corticosteroids. There were fewer deaths among NAI-treated patients (5.3% versus 7.6%; p=0.032). NAI treatment was independently associated with survival (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.28, 95% CI 0.19-0.43), adjusted for treatment-propensity score and patient characteristics. Superinfections increased (adjusted HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.52-3.11) and chronic statin use decreased (adjusted HR 0.44, 95% CI 0.23-0.84) death risks. Best survival was shown when treatment started within ≤2 days (adjusted HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.12-0.32), but there was benefit with treatment within 3-5 days (adjusted HR 0.35, 95% CI 0.21-0.58). Time-dependent analysis showed consistent results of NAI treatment (adjusted HR 0.39, 95% CI 0.27-0.57). Corticosteroids increased superinfection (9.7% versus 2.7%) and deaths when controlled for indications (adjusted HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.14-2.62). Early NAI treatment was associated with shorter length of stay in a subanalysis. NAI treatment may improve survival of hospitalised influenza patients; benefit is greatest from, but not limited to, treatment started within 2 days of illness. Superinfections and corticosteroids increase mortality. Antiviral and non-antiviral management strategies should be considered.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.