ArticleeLife2015
The transforming growth factor beta signaling pathway is critical for the formation of CD4 T follicular helper cells and isotype-switched antibody responses in the lung mucosa.
Article in eLife, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Protein/AS01Cell reports. Medicine · 2021Trial
- A unified network systems approach uncovers a core program underlying T follicular helper cell differentiation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Compensatory relationships determine the impact of TGF-β on the humoral immune response to hepatitis B surface antigen.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Article
- Mixed Signals: T Cells as Architects of IgE Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Divergent cytokine and transcriptional signatures control functional T follicular helper cell heterogeneity.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Regulatory cytokines modulate early isotype-specific response associated with COVID-19 survival.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Insights into the clinical, immunologic, and genetic underpinnings of food allergy.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Th17-to-Tfh plasticity during periodontitis limits disease pathology.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Review
- Filling two needs with one deed: a combinatory mucosal vaccine against influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- TGFβ control of immune responses in cancer: a holistic immuno-oncology perspective.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2023Review
- AP-1-independent NFAT signaling maintains follicular T cell function in infection and autoimmunity.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- The link between circulating follicular helper T cells and autoimmunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2022Review
- Article
- New perspectives on the regulation of germinal center reactionFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- The Love-Hate Relationship Between TGF-β Signaling and the Immune System During Development and Tumorigenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Transcription tipping points for T follicular helper cell and T-helper 1 cell fate commitment.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
T follicular helper cells (Tfh) are crucial for the initiation and maintenance of germinal center (GC) reactions and high affinity, isotype-switched antibody responses. In this study, we demonstrate that direct TGF-β signaling to CD4 T cells is important for the formation of influenza-specific Tfh cells, GC reactions, and development of isotype-switched, flu-specific antibody responses. Early during infection, TGF-β signaling suppressed the expression of the high affinity IL-2 receptor α chain (CD25) on virus-specific CD4 T cells, which tempered IL-2 signaling and STAT5 and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation in Tfh precursor CD4 T cells. Inhibition of mTOR allowed for the differentiation of Tfh cells in the absence of TGF-βR signaling, suggesting that TGF-β insulates Tfh progenitor cells from IL-2-delivered mTOR signals, thereby promoting Tfh differentiation during acute viral infection. These findings identify a new pathway critical for the generation of Tfh cells and humoral responses during respiratory viral infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.