ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2015
Th1-biased immunomodulation and therapeutic potential of Artemisia annua in murine visceral leishmaniasis.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Medicinal Plants and Lead Phytomolecules as Immunomodulators: An Updated Review.BioMed research international · 2026Review
- StandardizedVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- The Beneficial Use ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2025Review
- Artemisia annua L. leaf extracts suppress influenza virus infection by targeting the viral nucleoprotein and blocking mitochondria-mediated apoptosis.Virologica Sinica · 2025Article
- Artemisiae Annuae Herba: from anti-malarial legacy to emerging anti-cancer potential.Theranostics · 2025Review
- Synergistic Effects of Artesunate in Combination with Amphotericin B and Miltefosine againstAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Leishmanicidal and immunomodulatory activity ofHeliyon · 2024Article
- Isolation of potent antileishmanial agents fromJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2023Article
- In vitro and in vivo therapeutic antileishmanial potential of ellagic acid against Leishmania donovani in murine model.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2023Article
- Biflavones fromPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- An overview of the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of Artemisia annua, its antiviral action, protein-associated mechanisms, and repurposing for COVID-19 treatment.Journal of integrative medicine · 2021Review
- Experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii in broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus): seroconversion, tissue cyst distribution, and prophylaxis.Parasitology research · 2021Article
- In vitro analyses of Artemisia extracts on Plasmodium falciparum suggest a complex antimalarial effect.PloS one · 2021Article
- Potential of Artesunate in the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum: Efficacy evidence from a randomized field trial.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Gallic and Ellagic Acids Are Promising Adjuvants to Conventional Amphotericin B for the Treatment of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Untargeted LC-MS metabolomic studies of Asteraceae species to discover inhibitors of Leishmania major dihydroorotate dehydrogenase.Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society · 2019Article
- Efficacy of FourMedicines (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- High-salt- and cholesterol diet-associated cognitive impairment attenuated by tannins-enriched fraction of Emblica officinalis via inhibiting NF-kB pathway.Inflammopharmacology · 2018Article
- Mixed Formulation of Conventional and Pegylated Meglumine Antimoniate-Containing Liposomes Reduces Inflammatory Process and Parasite Burden in Leishmania infantum-Infected BALB/c Mice.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Article
- Gallic and ellagic acids: two natural immunomodulator compounds solve infection of macrophages by Leishmania major.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2017Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn the absence of vaccines and limitations of currently available chemotherapy, development of safe and efficacious drugs is urgently needed for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) that is fatal, if left untreated. Earlier we reported in vitro apoptotic antileishmanial activity of n-hexane fractions of Artemisia annua leaves (AAL) and seeds (AAS) against Leishmania donovani. In the present study, we investigated the immunostimulatory and therapeutic efficacy of AAL and AAS. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsTen-weeks post infection, BALB/c mice were orally administered AAL and AAS for ten consecutive days. Significant reduction in hepatic (86.67% and 89.12%) and splenic (95.45% and 95.84%) parasite burden with decrease in spleen weight was observed. AAL and AAS treated mice induced the strongest DTH response, as well as three-fold decrease in IgG1 and two-fold increase in IgG2a levels, as compared to infected controls. Cytometric bead array further affirmed the elicitation of Th1 immune response as indicated by increased levels of IFN-γ, and low levels of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) in serum as well as in culture supernatant of lymphocytes from treated mice. Lymphoproliferative response, IFN-γ producing CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes and nitrite levels were significantly enhanced upon antigen recall in vitro. The co-expression of CD80 and CD86 on macrophages was significantly augmented. CD8+ T cells exhibited CD62Llow and CD44hi phenotype, signifying induction of immunological memory in AAL and AAS treated groups. Serum enzyme markers were in the normal range indicating inertness against nephro- and hepato-toxicity. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our results establish the two-prong antileishmanial efficacy of AAL and AAS for cure against L. donovani that is dependent on both the direct leishmanicidal action as well as switching-on of Th1-biased protective cell-mediated immunity with generation of memory. AAL and AAS could represent adjunct therapies for the treatment of leishmaniasis, either alone or in combination with other antileishmanial agents.
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