ArticleEMBO reports2015
Active endocannabinoids are secreted on extracellular membrane vesicles.
Article in EMBO reports, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 128 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
128 citing papers in PubMed, 214 citations in OpenAlex.
- Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and the Evolution of Neural Complexity: Perspectives on Vesicle-Mediated Neuron-Glia Communication.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles for macrophage reprogramming: an emerging paradigm in immunomodulatory therapeutics.Journal of biological engineering · 2025Review
- Cannabinoids and Extracellular Vesicles as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Hypothesis-Driven Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Circuit mechanisms governing endocannabinoid modulation of affective behaviour and stress adaptation.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2025Review
- Microglia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Enhance Oligodendrocyte Maturation by Transcriptionally Regulating Mitochondrial Molecular Pathways.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune Circuits in Allergic Diseases.Annual review of immunology · 2025Review
- The endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol is released and transported on demand via extracellular microvesicles.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Roles, Functions, and Pathological Implications of Exosomes in the Central Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The Role of Small Extracellular Vesicles Derived from Glial Cells in the Central Nervous System under both Normal and Pathological Conditions.Neurochemical research · 2025Review
- FAAH Inhibition Counteracts Neuroinflammation via Autophagy Recovery in AD Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- The Yin and Yang of Microglia-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in CNS Injury and Diseases.Cells · 2024Review
- The Potential Role of Cannabidiol in Cosmetic Dermatology: A Literature Review.American journal of clinical dermatology · 2024Review
- From Classical to Alternative Pathways of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Synthesis: AlterAGs at the Crossroad of Endocannabinoid and Lysophospholipid Signaling.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Profiling Small RNA From Brain Extracellular Vesicles in Individuals With Depression.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2024Article
- A Review of the Use of Extracellular Vesicles in the Treatment of Neonatal Diseases: Current State and Problems with Translation to the Clinic.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Extracellular Vesicles in the Central Nervous System: A Novel Mechanism of Neuronal Cell Communication.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Bacterial membrane vesicles: orchestrators of interkingdom interactions in microbial communities for environmental adaptation and pathogenic dynamics.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles released by microglia and macrophages carry endocannabinoids which foster oligodendrocyte differentiation.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Extracellular vesicle-associated cholesterol supports the regenerative functions of macrophages in the brain.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2023Article
- Goods and Bads of the Endocannabinoid System as a Therapeutic Target: Lessons Learned after 30 Years.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
68 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Endocannabinoids primarily influence neuronal synaptic communication within the nervous system. To exert their function, endocannabinoids need to travel across the intercellular space. However, how hydrophobic endocannabinoids cross cell membranes and move extracellularly remains an unresolved problem. Here, we show that endocannabinoids are secreted through extracellular membrane vesicles produced by microglial cells. We demonstrate that microglial extracellular vesicles carry on their surface N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA), which is able to stimulate type-1 cannabinoid receptors (CB1), and inhibit presynaptic transmission, in target GABAergic neurons. This is the first demonstration of a functional role of extracellular vesicular transport of endocannabinoids.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.