ArticleEvolutionary applications2012
Assessing the role of non-cotton refuges in delaying Helicoverpa armigera resistance to Bt cotton in West Africa.
Article in Evolutionary applications, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- The level of Cry1Ac endotoxin and its efficacy againstGM crops & food · 2021Article
- Review
- Flavonoid Profile of the Cotton Plant, Gossypium hirsutum: A Review.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
- Resistance toEvolutionary applications · 2017Article
- Broad-spectrum resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis toxins by western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera).Scientific reports · 2016Article
- A seed mixture increases dominance of resistance to Bt cotton in Helicoverpa zea.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Optimizing pyramided transgenic Bt crops for sustainable pest management.Nature biotechnology · 2015Article
- Insect resistance to Bt crops: lessons from the first billion acres.Nature biotechnology · 2013Review
- Potential shortfall of pyramided transgenic cotton for insect resistance management.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Non-cotton host plants without Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins can provide refuges that delay resistance to Bt cotton in polyphagous insect pests. It has proven difficult, however, to determine the effective contribution of such refuges and their role in delaying resistance evolution. Here, we used biogeochemical markers to quantify movement of Helicoverpa armigera moths from non-cotton hosts to cotton fields in three agricultural landscapes of the West African cotton belt (Cameroon) where Bt cotton was absent. We show that the contribution of non-cotton hosts as a source of moths was spatially and temporally variable, but at least equivalent to a 7.5% sprayed refuge of non-Bt cotton. Simulation models incorporating H. armigera biological parameters, however, indicate that planting non-Bt cotton refuges may be needed to significantly delay resistance to cotton producing the toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab. Specifically, when the concentration of one toxin (here Cry1Ac) declined seasonally, resistance to Bt cotton often occurred rapidly in simulations where refuges of non-Bt cotton were rare and resistance to Cry2Ab was non-recessive, because resistance was essentially driven by one toxin (here Cry2Ab). The use of biogeochemical markers to quantify insect movement can provide a valuable tool to evaluate the role of non-cotton refuges in delaying the evolution of H. armigera resistance to Bt cotton.
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