ArticleEvolutionary applications2010
Evolutionary ecology of insect adaptation to Bt crops.
Article in Evolutionary applications, 2010. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 306 citations in OpenAlex.
- The global scientific consensus on genetically modified crop risk assessments.GM crops & food · 2026Article
- Effects of resistance to Bt proteins Cry1Ac and Vip3Aa on flight traits of Helicoverpa zea.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Multimodal Plant-Animal Communication: Signaling Mechanisms, Coevolution, and Environmental Disruption.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) emergence patterns, survival, and injury in blended refuges and pure stands of short-stature corn and tall corn.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Fitness costs associated with Vip3Aa resistance on various hosts in Helicoverpa zea.Pest management science · 2026Article
- Evaluation of structured and seed-blend refuges for corn earworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using emergence cages and screen-bagged ear methods.Journal of insect science (Online) · 2026Article
- Fitness costs and biological adaptability of Cry toxin-resistant field strains of Pink bollworm, Pectinophora Gossypiella (Saunders) from India.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Crop diversity induces trade-offs in microbial biopesticide susceptibility that could delay pest resistance evolution.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Article
- Critical Facets of European Corn Borer Adult Movement Ecology Relevant to Mitigating Field Resistance to Bt-Corn.Insects · 2024Review
- Impact of Bt corn expressingFrontiers in insect science · 2024Article
- Article
- Evolutionary predictions for a parasite metapopulation: Modelling salmon louse resistance to pest controls in aquaculture.Evolutionary applications · 2023Article
- Monitoring Insect Resistance to Bt Maize in the European Union: Update, Challenges, and Future Prospects.Journal of economic entomology · 2023Article
- Fitness Costs and Incomplete Resistance Associated with Delayed Evolution of Practical Resistance to Bt Crops.Insects · 2023Review
- Review
- Residual Effects of Transgenic Cotton on the Intestinal Microbiota ofMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Overexpression of soybean trypsin inhibitor genes decreases defoliation by corn earworm (Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Silencing a Myzus persicae Macrophage Inhibitory Factor by Plant-Mediated RNAi Induces Enhanced Aphid Mortality Coupled with Boosted RNAi Efficacy in Transgenic Potato Lines.Molecular biotechnology · 2022Article
- Parasite management in aquaculture exerts selection on salmon louse behaviour.Evolutionary applications · 2021Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Transgenic crops producing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins are used worldwide to control major pests of corn and cotton. Development of strategies to delay the evolution of pest resistance to Bt crops requires an understanding of factors affecting responses to natural selection, which include variation in survival on Bt crops, heritability of resistance, and fitness advantages associated with resistance mutations. The two main strategies adopted for delaying resistance are the refuge and pyramid strategies. Both can reduce heritability of resistance, but pyramids can also delay resistance by reducing genetic variation for resistance. Seasonal declines in the concentration of Bt toxins in transgenic cultivars, however, can increase the heritability of resistance. The fitness advantages associated with resistance mutations can be reduced by agronomic practices, including increasing refuge size, manipulating refuges to increase fitness costs, and manipulating Bt cultivars to reduce fitness of resistant individuals. Manipulating costs and fitness of resistant individuals on transgenic insecticidal crops may be especially important for thwarting evolution of resistance in haplodiploid and parthenogenetic pests. Field-evolved resistance to Bt crops in only five pests during the last 14 years suggests that the refuge strategy has successfully delayed resistance, but the accumulation of resistant pests could accelerate.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.