ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
Clinical applications of gamma delta T cells with multivalent immunity.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 78 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
78 citing papers in PubMed, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- CCR5-targeted allogeneic gamma-delta CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells for HIV-associated B cell-malignancy immunotherapy.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Efficient multiplex non-viral engineering and expansion of polyclonal γδ CAR-T cells for immunotherapy.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Vγ9Vδ2 T cells in tuberculosis: protective immunity and translational perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Pre-existing activation states shape functional heterogeneity of human Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Expansion strategies for Vδ2 γδT cells in cancer immunotherapy: Activation, cytokines, and culture conditions.World journal of clinical oncology · 2025Review
- Allogeneic cetuximab-armed gamma delta T cells using antibody-cell conjugation technology for the treatment of EGFR-expressing solid tumors.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- The landscape of CAR-engineered innate immune cells for cancer immunotherapy.Nature cancer · 2025Review
- Autologous Peripheral Vγ9Vδ2 T Cell Synergizes with αβ T Cell Through Antigen Presentation and BTN3A1 Blockade in Immunotherapy of Cervical Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Review
- From innate-like to innate: the next wave of off-the-shelf CAR immunotherapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Efficient multiplex non-viral engineering and expansion of polyclonal γδ CAR-T cells for immunotherapy.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Impact of the kinetics of circulating anti-CD19 CAR-T cells and their populations on the outcome of DLBCL patients.Blood cancer journal · 2024Article
- Human Vγ9Vδ2 T cell expansion and their cytotoxic responses against cholangiocarcinoma.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Anti-PD-1 antibody armored γδ T cells enhance anti-tumor efficacy in ovarian cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2023Article
- A Novel Allogeneic Rituximab-Conjugated Gamma Delta T Cell Therapy for the Treatment of Relapsed/Refractory B-Cell Lymphoma.Cancers · 2023Article
- CAR-Modified Vγ9Vδ2 T Cells Propagated Using a Novel Bisphosphonate Prodrug for Allogeneic Adoptive Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- γδ-Enriched CAR-T cell therapy for bone metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer.Science advances · 2023Article
- Expansions of tumor-reactive Vdelta1 gamma-delta T cells in newly diagnosed patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2023Article
- In Vitro Expansion of Vδ1+ T Cells from Cord Blood by Using Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells and Anti-CD3 Antibody.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Gender-dependent frequency of unconventional T cells in a healthy adult Caucasian population: A combinational study of invariant NKT cells, γδ T cells, and mucosa-associated invariant T cells.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2022Article
18 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
γδ T cells hold promise for adoptive immunotherapy because of their reactivity to bacteria, viruses, and tumors. However, these cells represent a small fraction (1-5%) of the peripheral T-cell pool and require activation and propagation to achieve clinical benefit. Aminobisphosphonates specifically expand the Vγ9Vδ2 subset of γδ T cells and have been used in clinical trials of cancer where objective responses were detected. The Vγ9Vδ2 T cell receptor (TCR) heterodimer binds multiple ligands and results in a multivalent attack by a monoclonal T cell population. Alternatively, populations of γδ T cells with oligoclonal or polyclonal TCR repertoire could be infused for broad-range specificity. However, this goal has been restricted by a lack of applicable expansion protocols for non-Vγ9Vδ2 cells. Recent advances using immobilized antigens, agonistic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), tumor-derived artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPC), or combinations of activating mAbs and aAPC have been successful in expanding gamma delta T cells with oligoclonal or polyclonal TCR repertoires. Immobilized major histocompatibility complex Class-I chain-related A was a stimulus for γδ T cells expressing TCRδ1 isotypes, and plate-bound activating antibodies have expanded Vδ1 and Vδ2 cells ex vivo. Clinically sufficient quantities of TCRδ1, TCRδ2, and TCRδ1(neg)TCRδ2(neg) have been produced following co-culture on aAPC, and these subsets displayed differences in memory phenotype and reactivity to tumors in vitro and in vivo. Gamma delta T cells are also amenable to genetic modification as evidenced by introduction of αβ TCRs, chimeric antigen receptors, and drug-resistance genes. This represents a promising future for the clinical application of oligoclonal or polyclonal γδ T cells in autologous and allogeneic settings that builds on current trials testing the safety and efficacy of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.