ReviewFrontiers in immunology2014
Plasticity of human CD4 T cell subsets.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 171 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
171 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 279 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of immune cell subsets with incident heart failure in two population-based cohorts.ESC heart failure · 2022Pooled it
- Suppressive effects of deep balanced anesthesia on cellular immunity and protein expression: a randomized-controlled pilot study.BMC anesthesiology · 2025Trial
- Baseline CD4Journal of blood medicine · 2025Trial
- A pediatric randomized, controlled trial of German cockroach subcutaneous immunotherapy.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2024Trial
- Distinct cellular signatures in aplastic and intermittent phenotypes of immune effector cell-associated hematotoxicity.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- Longitudinal investigation of the T helper (Th)1-Th2 balance and complement system in clinical high risk for psychosis cohort.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Biodetection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: nano-biosensors in detection; from principles to recent progresses.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Review
- Immunological Diagnosis and Treatments of Periodontitis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Dual roles of T cells in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis pathogenesis and liver fibrosis: From inflammation to therapeutic targets.Hepatology communications · 2025Review
- Targeting immunosenesence promotes clearance of senescent cells.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2025Review
- Immunomodulatory Delivery Materials for Tissue Repair.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Review
- Prolonged effects of adenoviral vector priming on T-cell cytokine production in heterologous adenoviral vector/mRNA COVID-19 vaccination regimens.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Enhanced interpretation of immune cell phenotype and function through a rhesus macaque single-cell atlas.Cell genomics · 2025Article
- Clone tracking through repeated malaria identifies high-fidelity memory CD4 T cell responses.Science immunology · 2025Article
- Intravital Imaging of Immune Responses in the Cancer Microenvironment.Cancer medicine · 2025Review
- Clinical and Pathophysiological Tangles Between Allergy and Autoimmunity: Deconstructing an Old Dichotomic Paradigm.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2025Review
- Restriction of Zika Virus Replication in Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages by Pro-Inflammatory (M1) Polarization.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Antimycobacterial and immunomodulatory activities of sorafenib in a preclinical mouse model of TB infection through CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Metabolism in the tumor microenvironment: implications for pathogenesis and therapeutics.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
111 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human beings are exposed to a variety of different pathogens, which induce tailored immune responses and consequently generate highly diverse populations of pathogen-specific T cells. CD4(+) T cells have a central role in adaptive immunity, since they provide essential help for both cytotoxic T cell- and antibody-mediated responses. In addition, CD4(+) regulatory T cells are required to maintain self-tolerance and to inhibit immune responses that could damage the host. Initially, two subsets of CD4(+) helper T cells were identified that secrete characteristic effector cytokines and mediate responses against different types of pathogens, i.e., IFN-γ secreting Th1 cells that fight intracellular pathogens, and IL-4 producing Th2 cells that target extracellular parasites. It is now well established that this dichotomy is insufficient to describe the complexity of CD4(+) T cell differentiation, and in particular the human CD4 compartment contains a myriad of T cell subsets with characteristic capacities to produce cytokines and to home to involved tissues. Moreover, it has become increasingly clear that these T cell subsets are not all terminally differentiated cells, but that the majority is plastic and that in particular central memory T cells can acquire different properties and functions in secondary immune responses. In addition, there is compelling evidence that helper T cells can acquire regulatory functions upon chronic stimulation in inflamed tissues. The plasticity of antigen-experienced human T cell subsets is highly relevant for translational medicine, since it opens new perspectives for immune-modulatory therapies for chronic infections, autoimmune diseases, and cancer.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.