ArticleInternational journal of nanomedicine2014
Immunotoxicity of zinc oxide nanoparticles with different size and electrostatic charge.
Article in International journal of nanomedicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cancer therapy with iron oxide nanoparticles: Agents of thermal and immune therapies.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Potential effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on growth, hematology, and serum and skin mucus biochemical parameters of common carp (Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2026Article
- Nanomedicine in the Fight Against Multidrug-Resistant Infections: A Review on Emerging Strategies and Translational Prospects.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Green synthesizedFuture science OA · 2024Article
- ZnO NPs Impair the Viability and Function of Porcine Granulosa Cells Through Autophagy Regulated by ROS Production.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Effects of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on Growth, Immune Responses and Histopathological Alterations in Asian Seabass (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Transition Metal Oxide Nanomaterials: New Weapons to Boost Anti-Tumor Immunity Cycle.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Doxorubicin and folic acid-loaded zinc oxide nanoparticles-based combined anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory approach for enhanced anti-cancer therapy.BMC cancer · 2024Article
- Zinc oxide nanoparticles induce oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and apoptosis in the hemocytes of Bombyx mori larvae.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Alterations of Gut-Derived Melatonin in Neurobehavioral Impairments Caused by Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Bionized Nanoferrite Particles Alter the Course of Experimental Cryptococcus neoformans Pneumonia.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- Mechanisms of immune response to inorganic nanoparticles and their degradation products.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2022Review
- Ameliorative effect of curcumin and zinc oxide nanoparticles on multiple mechanisms in obese rats with induced type 2 diabetes.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Cell-biological effects of zinc oxide spheres and rods from the nano- to the microscale at sub-toxic levels.Cell biology and toxicology · 2021Article
- Nanoparticles as a Tool in Neuro-Oncology Theranostics.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Cationic Nanomaterials for Autoimmune Diseases Therapy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- The Toxicity Phenomenon and the Related Occurrence in Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Brief Review From the Biomedical Perspective.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Metal nanomaterials: Immune effects and implications of physicochemical properties on sensitization, elicitation, and exacerbation of allergic disease.Journal of immunotoxicology · 2019Review
- Effect of commercial and green synthesized ZnO NPs in murine model of chloroquine-induced pruritus.International journal of nanomedicine · 2019Article
- Main trends of immune effects triggered by nanomedicines in preclinical studies.International journal of nanomedicine · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
While zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been recognized to have promising applications in biomedicine, their immunotoxicity has been inconsistent and even contradictory. To address this issue, we investigated whether ZnO NPs with different size (20 or 100 nm) and electrostatic charge (positive or negative) would cause immunotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, and explored their underlying molecular mechanism. Using Raw 264.7 cell line, we examined the immunotoxicity mechanism of ZnO NPs as cell viability. We found that in a cell viability assay, ZnO NPs with different size and charge could induce differential cytotoxicity to Raw 264.7 cells. Specifically, the positively charged ZnO NPs exerted higher cytotoxicity than the negatively charged ones. Next, to gauge systemic immunotoxicity, we assessed immune responses of C57BL/6 mice after oral administration of 750 mg/kg/day dose of ZnO NPs for 2 weeks. In parallel, ZnO NPs did not alter the cell-mediated immune response in mice but suppressed innate immunity such as natural killer cell activity. The CD4(+)/CD8(+) ratio, a marker for matured T-cells was slightly reduced, which implies the alteration of immune status induced by ZnO NPs. Accordingly, nitric oxide production from splenocyte culture supernatant in ZnO NP-fed mice was lower than control. Consistently, serum levels of pro/anti-inflammatory (interleukin [IL]-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and IL-10) and T helper-1 cytokines (interferon-γ and IL-12p70) in ZnO NP-fed mice were significantly suppressed. Collectively, our results indicate that different sized and charged ZnO NPs would cause in vitro and in vivo immunotoxicity, of which nature is an immunosuppression.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.