ArticleShock (Augusta, Ga.)2015
Interleukin-7 and anti-programmed cell death 1 antibody have differing effects to reverse sepsis-induced immunosuppression.
Article in Shock (Augusta, Ga.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 86 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcending metabolic acidosis: lactate as an epigenetic signal reprogramming diabetes-sepsis immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Sepsis-Related Cardiomyopathy: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Adjunctive immunotherapeutic agents in patients with sepsis and septic shock: a multidisciplinary consensus of 23.Journal of anesthesia, analgesia and critical care · 2024Article
- Cytokine Storm and Sepsis-Induced Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Exploiting antifungal immunity in the clinical context.Seminars in immunology · 2023Review
- Treatment Advances in Sepsis and Septic Shock: Modulating Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Mechanisms.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Early Expression of Functional Markers on CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2022Observational
- Expression of PD-1 on Memory T Lymphocytes Predicts 28-Day Mortality of Patients with Sepsis: A Prospective Observational Study.Journal of inflammation research · 2022Article
- Lymphopenia Is Associated With Poor Outcomes of Patients With Community-Acquired Pneumonia and Sepsis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Recurrent Sepsis Exacerbates CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Lymphopenia in COVID-19: Therapeutic opportunities.Cell biology international · 2020Review
- Review
- Checkpoint inhibitor therapy in preclinical sepsis models: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Intensive care medicine experimental · 2020Article
- Publication Trends of Research on Sepsis and Host Immune Response during 1999-2019: A 20-year Bibliometric Analysis.International journal of biological sciences · 2020Review
- Immune Checkpoints: Novel Therapeutic Targets to Attenuate Sepsis-Induced Immunosuppression.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- The Critical Roles and Mechanisms of Immune Cell Death in Sepsis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Pathological alteration and therapeutic implications of sepsis-induced immune cell apoptosis.Cell death & disease · 2019Review
- Microbial Exposure Enhances Immunity to Pathogens Recognized by TLR2 but Increases Susceptibility to Cytokine Storm through TLR4 Sensitization.Cell reports · 2019Article
- Precision Medicine and its Role in the Treatment of Sepsis: A Personalised View.Journal of critical care medicine (Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie din Targu-Mures) · 2019Review
- Lymphocytopenia as a Predictor of Mortality in Patients with ICU-Acquired Pneumonia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Sepsis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in most intensive care units. Protracted sepsis can evolve into a state of profound immunosuppression characterized by secondary infections, frequently with opportunistic-type pathogens. Immunoadjuvant therapy is currently being evaluated as a novel treatment for patients with sepsis. Two of the most promising immunoadjuvants are interleukin-7 (IL-7) and anti-programmed cell death 1 antibody (anti-PD-1). Both IL-7 and anti-PD-1 have been reported to boost host immunity and improve outcomes in patients with viral infections and cancer. The purpose of this study was to define the immunological mechanisms of action of IL-7 and anti-PD-1 in the two-hit sepsis model of cecal ligation and puncture followed by Candida albicans. In addition, we examined whether combined treatment with IL-7 and anti-PD-1 provided any additive beneficial effects in reversing immune dysfunction. The present findings demonstrated that IL-7 and anti-PD-1 had differing effects on innate and adaptive immune functions. Compared with anti-PD-1, IL-7 increased lymphocyte proliferation; expression of lymphocyte adhesion molecules, lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1, and very late antigen-4; interferon-γ production; and CD28 expression on splenic CD8 T cells. In contrast, anti-PD-1 seemed to have a greater effect on major histocompatibility complex class II expression on splenic macrophages and dendritic cells than IL-7. Combined treatment with IL-7 and anti-PD-1 produced additive effects on CD28 expression, lymphocyte proliferation, and splenic secretion of interferon-γ. In conclusion, the present study shows differences in immunomodulatory actions between IL-7 and anti-PD-1 and provides a potential rationale for combining IL-7 and anti-PD-1 in the therapy of sepsis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.