ArticleAIDS (London, England)2015
Mixed membership trajectory models of cognitive impairment in the multicenter AIDS cohort study.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Impact of aging on neurocognitive performance in previously antiretroviral-naive HIV-infected individuals on their first suppressive regimen.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Trial
- Episodic memory trajectories of older adults with and without HIV: A longitudinal population-based study in rural South Africa.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Cognitive Impairment in People Living with HIV and the Impact of Mood: Results from a Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Neurocognitive course at 2-year follow-up in a Swiss cohort of people with well-treated HIV.AIDS (London, England) · 2021Article
- Differential Effects of AIDS and Chronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Gray Matter Volume.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- Reliably Measuring Cognitive Change in the Era of Chronic HIV Infection and Chronic HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2021Review
- Brain structural correlates of trajectories to cognitive impairment in men with and without HIV disease.Brain imaging and behavior · 2020Article
- How all-type dementia risk factors and modifiable risk interventions may be relevant to the first-generation aging with HIV infection?European geriatric medicine · 2019Article
- HIV, Depression, and Cognitive Impairment in the Era of Effective Antiretroviral Therapy.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2019Review
- Neurologic Complications of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection.Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) · 2018Review
- Neuropsychological phenotypes among men with and without HIV disease in the multicenter AIDS cohort study.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Ageing with HIV.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- The Aging Brain With HIV Infection: Effects of Alcoholism or Hepatitis C Comorbidity.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2018Review
- Longitudinal Modeling of Depressive Trajectories Among HIV-Infected Men Using Cocaine.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Predictors of transitions in frailty severity and mortality among people aging with HIV.PloS one · 2017Article
- HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder--pathogenesis and prospects for treatment.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2016Review
- The Chronicity of HIV Infection Should Drive the Research Strategy of NeuroHIV Treatment Studies: A Critical Review.CNS drugs · 2016Review
- Does Older Age Confer an Increased Risk of Incident Neurocognitive Disorders Among Persons Living with HIV Disease?The Clinical neuropsychologist · 2015Article
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe longitudinal trajectories that individuals may take from a state of normal cognition to HIV-associated dementia are unknown. We applied a novel statistical methodology to identify trajectories to cognitive impairment, and factors that affected the 'closeness' of an individual to one of the canonical trajectories.
designThe Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS) is a four-site longitudinal study of the natural and treated history of HIV disease among gay and bisexual men.
methodsUsing data from 3892 men (both HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected) enrolled in the neuropsychology substudy of the MACS, a Mixed Membership Trajectory Model (MMTM) was applied to capture the pathways from normal cognitive function to mild impairment to severe impairment. MMTMs allow the data to identify canonical pathways and to model the effects of risk factors on an individual's 'closeness' to these trajectories.
resultsFirst, we identified three distinct trajectories to cognitive impairment: 'normal aging' (low probability of mild impairment until age 60); 'premature aging' (mild impairment starting at age 45-50); and 'unhealthy' (mild impairment in 20s and 30s) profiles. Second, clinically defined AIDS, and not simply HIV disease, was associated with closeness to the premature aging trajectory, and, third, hepatitis-C infection, depression, race, recruitment cohort and confounding conditions all affected individual's closeness to these trajectories.
conclusionThese results provide new insight into the natural history of cognitive dysfunction in HIV disease and provide evidence for a potential difference in the pathophysiology of the development of cognitive impairment based on trajectories to impairment.
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