ReviewmBio2015
On botulinum neurotoxin variability.
Review in mBio, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 91 citations in OpenAlex.
- Botulinum Toxin Type A and Physiotherapy in Spasticity of the Lower Limbs Due to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.Toxins · 2019Trial
- Review
- From Gut to Systemic Circulation: Molecular Strategies of Botulinum Neurotoxin Complexes.Toxins · 2026Review
- Structure of the complete 14-subunit botulinum neurotoxin B complex reveals a unique anchoring through the narrow central pore of HA70.Science advances · 2025Article
- Overview of Bacterial Protein Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria: Mode of Action and Insights into Evolution.Toxins · 2024Review
- Ancient Clostridium DNA and variants of tetanus neurotoxins associated with human archaeological remains.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Review
- Advances in Clostridial and Related Neurotoxins.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Molecular landscape of BoNT/B bound to a membrane-inserted synaptotagmin/ganglioside complex.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2022Article
- Toxicology and pharmacology of botulinum and tetanus neurotoxins: an update.Archives of toxicology · 2022Review
- Novel Small Molecule Inhibitors That Prevent the Neuroparalysis of Tetanus Neurotoxin.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins in Central Nervous System: An Overview from Animal Models to Human Therapy.Toxins · 2021Review
- Posttranslational Regulation of Botulinum Neurotoxin Production in Clostridium botulinum Hall A-mSphere · 2021Article
- Neurotrophic effects of Botulinum neurotoxin type A in hippocampal neurons involve activation of Rac1 by the non-catalytic heavy chain (HCIBRO neuroscience reports · 2021Article
- Botulinum Neurotoxins: Mechanism of Action.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2021Review
- Two VHH Antibodies Neutralize Botulinum Neurotoxin E1 by Blocking Its Membrane Translocation in Host Cells.Toxins · 2020Article
- Botulinum Toxin and Neuronal Regeneration after Traumatic Injury of Central and Peripheral Nervous System.Toxins · 2020Review
- Critical Analysis of Neuronal Cell and the Mouse Bioassay for Detection of Botulinum Neurotoxins.Toxins · 2019Review
- The role of the single interchains disulfide bond in tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins and the development of antitetanus and antibotulism drugs.Cellular microbiology · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The rapidly growing number of botulinum neurotoxin sequences poses the problem of the possible evolutionary significance of the variability of these superpotent neurotoxins for toxin-producing Clostridium species. To progress in the understanding of this remarkable phenomenon, we suggest that researchers should (i) abandon an anthropocentric view of these neurotoxins as human botulism-causing agents or as human therapeutics, (ii) begin to investigate in depth the role of botulinum neurotoxins in animal botulism in the wilderness, and (iii) devote large efforts to next-generation sequencing of soil samples to identify novel botulinum neurotoxins. In order to compare the fitness of the different toxins, we suggest that assays of all the steps from toxin production to animal death should be performed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.