ArticleTobacco control2016
Testing warning messages on smokers' cigarette packages: a standardised protocol.
Article in Tobacco control, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02247908 (A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of Graphic Cigarette Warnings on Smoking Behavior), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Impact of Graphic Cigarette Warnings on Smoking Behavior
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pictorial cigarette pack warnings: a meta-analysis of experimental studies.Tobacco control · 2016Pooled it
- Designing Effective Testimonial Pictorial Warning Labels for Tobacco Products.Health communication · 2019Trial
- Understanding Why Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings Increase Quit Attempts.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2019Trial
- Cigarette pack messages about toxic chemicals: a randomised clinical trial.Tobacco control · 2019Trial
- "That's probably what my mama's lungs look like": how adolescent children react to pictorial warnings on their parents' cigarette packs.BMC public health · 2018Trial
- Why smokers avoid cigarette pack risk messages: Two randomized clinical trials in the United States.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Trial
- Adolescents' Responses to Pictorial Warnings on Their Parents' Cigarette Packs.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2016Trial
- Reactance to Health Warnings Scale: Development and Validation.Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine · 2016Trial
- Effect of Pictorial Cigarette Pack Warnings on Changes in Smoking Behavior: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA internal medicine · 2016Trial
- Exposure to graphic warning labels on cigarette packages: Effects on implicit and explicit attitudes towards smoking among young adults.Psychology & health · 2016Trial
- Graphic Warning Labels Elicit Affective and Thoughtful Responses from Smokers: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial.PloS one · 2015Trial
- The impact of cigarette pack anti-littering messages.Addictive behaviors · 2022Article
- Prevalence of tobacco consumption and the associated factors among the adults in an urban slum: Findings from the WHO STEPwise survey.Tobacco induced diseases · 2022Article
- Message perceptions and effects perceptions as proxies for behavioral impact in the context of anti-smoking messages.Preventive medicine reports · 2021Article
- Using a Naturalistic Store Laboratory for Clinical Trials of Point-of-Sale Nutrition Policies and Interventions: A Feasibility and Validation Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Observational
- Perceived efficacy of existing waterpipe tobacco warning labels versus novel enhanced generic and waterpipe-specific sets.PloS one · 2021Article
- Health communication campaigns to drive demand for evidence-based practices and reduce stigma in the HEALing communities study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Article
- Advancing Tobacco Product Warning Labels Research Methods and Theory: A Summary of a Grantee Meeting Held by the US National Cancer Institute.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Review
- Using Neuroscience to Inform Tobacco Control Policy.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2019Review
- Conversations about pictorial cigarette pack warnings: Theoretical mechanisms of influence.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeLab experiments on cigarette warnings typically use a brief one-time exposure that is not paired with the cigarette packs smokers use every day, leaving open the question of how repeated warning exposure over several weeks may affect smokers. This proof of principle study sought to develop a new protocol for testing cigarette warnings that better reflects real-world exposure by presenting them on cigarette smokers' own packs.
methodsWe tested a cigarette pack labelling protocol with 76 US smokers ages 18 and older. We applied graphic warnings to the front and back of smokers' cigarette packs.
resultsMost smokers reported that at least 75% of the packs of cigarettes they smoked during the study had our warnings. Nearly all said they would participate in the study again. Using cigarette packs with the study warnings increased quit intentions (p<0.05).
conclusionsOur findings suggest a feasible pack labelling protocol with six steps: (1) schedule appointments at brief intervals; (2) determine typical cigarette consumption; (3) ask smokers to bring a supply of cigarette packs to study appointments; (4) apply labels to smokers' cigarette packs; (5) provide participation incentives at the end of appointments; and (6) refer smokers to cessation services at end of the study. When used in randomised controlled trials in settings with real-world message exposure over time, this protocol may help identify the true impact of warnings and thus better inform tobacco product labelling policy. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER: NCT02247908.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.