Observational studyBMJ open2015
Low health literacy and cancer screening among Chinese Americans in California: a cross-sectional analysis.
Observational study in BMJ open, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inclusion of Participants With Limited English Proficiency in Autism Research.Autism research : official journal of the International Society for Autism Research · 2026Pooled it
- Factors Influencing the Utilisation of Mammography Among Ethnic Minorities: A Framework-Driven Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2024Pooled it
- Comparative Effectiveness of 2 Interventions to Increase Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Women in the Rural US: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2023Trial
- Trial
- Implementing HPV self-collection: a scoping review of facilitators and strategies among Indigenous women and people with a cervix.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Engaging Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities to Prepare for Lung Cancer Screening Implementation in Australia: A Qualitative Focus Group Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Exploring the influence of health and digital health literacy on quality of life and follow-up compliance in patients with primary non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a prospective, single-center study.World journal of urology · 2025Observational
- Refinement of a meaning-centered counseling program for Chinese patients with advanced cancer: integrating cultural adaptation and implementation science approaches.BMC health services research · 2025Article
- Article
- Article
- Factors associated with awareness of and undergoing Pap smear tests among Jordanian women.Narra J · 2024Article
- Developing the Meaning-Centered Program for Chinese Americans with Advanced Cancer: Applying Cultural Adaptation Frameworks.Asian American journal of psychology · 2024Article
- Understanding Elderly Chinese Cancer Patients in a Multicultural Clinical Setting: Embracing Mortality and Addressing Misperceptions of Vulnerability.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Article
- The Impact of Limited English Proficiency on Healthcare Access and Outcomes in the U.S.: A Scoping Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Social determinants of health and health inequities in breast cancer screening: a scoping review.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Health literacy and associated factors in China: findings from the Wa ethnic group.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Health literacy and breast cancer preventive practices among market women in Oshodi Local Government Area of Lagos State, Nigeria.Ecancermedicalscience · 2024Article
- Refinement of a Meaning-Centered Counseling Program for Chinese Patients with Advanced Cancer: Integrating Cultural Adaptation and Implementation Science Approaches.Research square · 2023Article
- Predicted Health Literacy Disparities Between Immigrant and US-Born Racial/Ethnic Minorities: a Nationwide Study.Journal of general internal medicine · 2023Article
- The Influence of Social Determinants on Cancer Screening in a Medicaid Sample.American journal of preventive medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesCancer is the leading cause of death among Asian Americans. Chinese Americans comprise the largest Asian American ethnic group. Low health literacy (LHL) is associated with lower cancer screening rates, but this association has not been studied in Chinese Americans. We examined the relationship between LHL and meeting US Preventive Service Task Force (USPSTF) guidelines for cervical, colorectal and breast cancer screening among Chinese Americans.
designObservational study of Chinese respondents in the 2007 California Health Interview Survey, a population-based survey. Interview languages included English, Cantonese and Mandarin.
settingCalifornia, USA
participantsChinese respondents in age/gender groupings appropriate for USPSTF cancer screening guidelines (cervical: women ages 21-65, n=632; colorectal: men or women ages 50-75, n=488; and breast: women ages 50-74, n=326). OUTCOMES: Relationships were tested using multivariable logistic regression models controlling for healthcare access and demographic factors, including limited English proficiency (LEP). The combined effects of having both LHL and LEP were specifically examined. LHL was measured by 2-items on perceived ease-of-use of written medical materials. All study variables were self-reported.
resultsCancer screening percentages among Chinese Americans were 77.8% for cervical, 50.9% for colorectal (47.9% for women and 54.2% for men), and 85.5% for breast. LHL was associated with lower odds of meeting breast cancer screening guidelines (OR 0.41; 95% CI 0.20 to 0.82). Respondents with both LHL and LEP were significantly less likely to have up-to-date colorectal (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.97) and breast cancer screening (OR 0.21; 95% CI 0.08 to 0.54) than those with neither health communication barrier. In all multivariable models, having seen a physician in the past year was a significant predictor of an up-to-date screening.
conclusionsIn Chinese Americans, LHL and LEP were negatively associated with up-to-date breast and colorectal cancer screening, independent of a recent physician visit. Efforts to promote cancer screening among Chinese Americans should consider and address LHL, LEP and physician access barriers.
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