ArticleAIDS (London, England)2015
Dramatic decline in substance use by HIV-infected pregnant women in the United States from 1990 to 2012.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01310023 (Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities Study in HIV Uninfected Children Born to HIV Infected Women), which is not on this map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Surveillance Monitoring for ART Toxicities Study in HIV Uninfected Children Born to HIV Infected Women
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pregnancy and postpartum cannabis and alcohol use among people with HIV in the United States.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- HIV and Pregnancy: Navigating Complex Decision Making and Preventing Perinatal Transmission.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2025Review
- Marijuana, Opioid, and Alcohol Use Among Pregnant and Postpartum Individuals Living With HIV in the US.JAMA network open · 2021Article
- Intersecting Epidemics: Incident Syphilis and Drug Use in Women Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the United States (2005-2016).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2020Article
- HIV Status and Other Risk Factors for Prevalent and Incident Sexually Transmitted Infection during Pregnancy (2000-2014).Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2019Article
- Associations of Genetically Determined Continental Ancestry With CD4+ Count and Plasma HIV-1 RNA Beyond Self-Reported Race and Ethnicity.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveWe aimed to describe temporal changes in substance use among HIV-infected pregnant women in the United States from 1990 to 2012.
designData came from two prospective cohort studies (Women and Infants Transmission Study and Surveillance Monitoring for Antiretroviral Therapy Toxicities Study).
methodsWomen were classified as using a substance during pregnancy if they self-reported use or had a positive biological sample. To account for correlation between repeated pregnancies by the same woman, generalized estimating equation models were used to test for temporal trends and evaluate predictors of substance use.
resultsOver the 23-year period, substance use among the 5451 HIV-infected pregnant women sharply declined; 82% of women reported substance use during pregnancy in 1990, compared with 23% in 2012. Use of each substance decreased significantly (P < 0.001 for each substance) in an approximately linear fashion, until reaching a plateau in 2006. Multivariable models showed substance use was inversely associated with receiving antiretroviral therapy. Among the subset of 824 women with multiple pregnancies under observation, women who used a substance in their previous pregnancy were at elevated risk of substance use during their next pregnancy (risk ratio, 5.71; 95% confidence interval, 4.63-7.05).
conclusionA substantial decrease in substance use during pregnancy was observed between 1990 and 2012 in two large US cohorts of HIV-infected women. Substance use prevalence in these cohorts became similar to that of pregnant women in the general US population by the mid-2000s, suggesting that the observed decrease may be due to an epidemiological transition of the HIV epidemic among women in the United States.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.