ArticleJournal of personalized medicine2012
Insurance coverage policies for personalized medicine.
Article in Journal of personalized medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed.
- Assessing feasibility of delivering pharmacogenetic testing in a community pharmacy setting.Pharmacogenomics · 2017Trial
- Immunomodulatory Natural Products in Cancer Organoid-Immune Co-Cultures: Bridging the Research Gap for Precision Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Analyzing pharmacogenetics cost effectiveness and savings across common health conditions in the United States.The pharmacogenomics journal · 2025Review
- Aging precisely: Precision medicine through the lens of an older adult.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2024Review
- Maturing pharmacogenomic factors deliver improvements and cost efficiencies.Cambridge prisms. Precision medicine · 2023Review
- Definers and drivers of functional high-risk multiple myeloma: insights from genomic, transcriptomic, and immune profiling.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Review
- Reimbursement of pharmacogenetic tests at a tertiary academic medical center in the United States.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- Association between Health Insurance Type and Genetic Testing and/or Counseling for Breast and Ovarian Cancer.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Genetic Testing and/or Counseling for Colorectal Cancer by Health Insurance Type.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Pharmacogenetic testing among patients with depression in a US managed care population.Clinical and translational science · 2022Article
- The Value of Pharmacogenetics to Reduce Drug-Related Toxicity in Cancer Patients.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2022Article
- Healthcare practice strategies for integrating personalized medicine: Management of COVID-19.World journal of clinical cases · 2021Review
- Variation in health plan coverage of ESAs for anemia due to chronic kidney disease.Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy · 2021Article
- Cancer genetic testing in marginalized groups during an era of evolving healthcare reform.Journal of cancer policy · 2021Review
- Implementation of Pharmacogenomics and Artificial Intelligence Tools for Chronic Disease Management in Primary Care Setting.Journal of personalized medicine · 2021Article
- Pharmacogenomics Implementation and Hurdles to Overcome; In the Context of a Developing Country.Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research : IJPR · 2021Article
- Influence of metabolic profiles on the safety of drug therapy in routine care in Germany: protocol of the cohort study EMPAR.BMJ open · 2020Article
- The art and science of drug titration.Therapeutic advances in drug safety · 2020Review
- Preemptive pharmacogenetic testing: exploring the knowledge and perspectives of US payers.Genetics in medicine : official journal of the American College of Medical Genetics · 2019Article
- Bridging the Gaps in Personalized Medicine Value Assessment: A Review of the Need for Outcome Metrics across Stakeholders and Scientific Disciplines.Public health genomics · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Adoption of personalized medicine in practice has been slow, in part due to the lack of evidence of clinical benefit provided by these technologies. Coverage by insurers is a critical step in achieving widespread adoption of personalized medicine. Insurers consider a variety of factors when formulating medical coverage policies for personalized medicine, including the overall strength of evidence for a test, availability of clinical guidelines and health technology assessments by independent organizations. In this study, we reviewed coverage policies of the largest U.S. insurers for genomic (disease-related) and pharmacogenetic (PGx) tests to determine the extent that these tests were covered and the evidence basis for the coverage decisions. We identified 41 coverage policies for 49 unique testing: 22 tests for disease diagnosis, prognosis and risk and 27 PGx tests. Fifty percent (or less) of the tests reviewed were covered by insurers. Lack of evidence of clinical utility appears to be a major factor in decisions of non-coverage. The inclusion of PGx information in drug package inserts appears to be a common theme of PGx tests that are covered. This analysis highlights the variability of coverage determinations and factors considered, suggesting that the adoption of personal medicine will affected by numerous factors, but will continue to be slowed due to lack of demonstrated clinical benefit.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.