ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2015
Temperature-dependent innate defense against the common cold virus limits viral replication at warm temperature in mouse airway cells.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 154 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
154 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 297 citations in OpenAlex.
- Global meta-analysis of short-term associations between ambient temperature and pathogen-specific respiratory infections, 2004 to 2023.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2025Pooled it
- Core Warming of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients Undergoing Mechanical Ventilation: A Pilot Study.Therapeutic hypothermia and temperature management · 2023Trial
- Rhinothermy delivered by nasal high flow therapy in the treatment of the common cold: a randomised controlled trial.BMJ open · 2021Trial
- The effects of bathing in neutral bicarbonate ion water.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Impact of flow and temperature on patient comfort during respiratory support by high-flow nasal cannula.Critical care (London, England) · 2018Trial
- Randomised controlled trial of rhinothermy for treatment of the common cold: a feasibility study.BMJ open · 2018Trial
- Climate induces seasonality in pneumococcal transmission.Scientific reports · 2015Trial
- Mannitol as a Critical Excipient in Spray-Dried Chitosan Microspheres for Nasal Donepezil Delivery: Insights from Integrated Biomimetic Models.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- TRPV4-mediated calcium influx contributes temperature-dependent SARS-CoV-2 replication.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Generation of apical-out nasal organoids to facilitate human respiratory syncytial virus infection and drug screening.iScience · 2026Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Innate Immune Activation and Viral Interference During Sequential Co-Infection with Influenza A Virus and SARS-CoV-2: Molecular Mechanisms, Clinical Evidence, and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Molecular Types of Rhinovirus Among Cases of Acute Respiratory Infections in a University Hospital.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Temperature and developmental stage govern intestinal susceptibility to human coronavirus 229E.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Article
- Rental housing may contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in upper respiratory infections.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids as Evolutionarily Conserved Signals of Immune Activation.DNA and cell biology · 2026Review
- Tackling NHS winter pressures due to respiratory disease: the UK Centre for Applied Respiratory Research Innovation and Impact (CARRii).NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Review
- The cycle of infectious fever - how it affects bacterial infections.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Molecular Responses to Temperature Changes Across Timescales in the Madagascar Ground Gecko (Paroedura picta).Molecular ecology · 2026Article
- Adaptive restoration of T-cell motility by cold acclimation through metabolic and transcriptional remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
94 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Most isolates of human rhinovirus, the common cold virus, replicate more robustly at the cool temperatures found in the nasal cavity (33-35 °C) than at core body temperature (37 °C). To gain insight into the mechanism of temperature-dependent growth, we compared the transcriptional response of primary mouse airway epithelial cells infected with rhinovirus at 33 °C vs. 37 °C. Mouse airway cells infected with mouse-adapted rhinovirus 1B exhibited a striking enrichment in expression of antiviral defense response genes at 37 °C relative to 33 °C, which correlated with significantly higher expression levels of type I and type III IFN genes and IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs) at 37 °C. Temperature-dependent IFN induction in response to rhinovirus was dependent on the MAVS protein, a key signaling adaptor of the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs). Stimulation of primary airway cells with the synthetic RLR ligand poly I:C led to greater IFN induction at 37 °C relative to 33 °C at early time points poststimulation and to a sustained increase in the induction of ISGs at 37 °C relative to 33 °C. Recombinant type I IFN also stimulated more robust induction of ISGs at 37 °C than at 33 °C. Genetic deficiency of MAVS or the type I IFN receptor in infected airway cells permitted higher levels of viral replication, particularly at 37 °C, and partially rescued the temperature-dependent growth phenotype. These findings demonstrate that in mouse airway cells, rhinovirus replicates preferentially at nasal cavity temperature due, in part, to a less efficient antiviral defense response of infected cells at cool temperature.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.