Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25560075›Full record

ArticleMethods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.)2015

Site-specific biotinylation of purified proteins using BirA.

Michael Fairhead, Mark Howarth

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 230 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
230citing papers in PubMed
10.2field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

230 citing papers in PubMed, 421 citations in OpenAlex.

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170 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Michael FairheadDepartment of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK.
Mark Howarth
University of Oxford · GB

Funding

Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council BB/I006303/1
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The binding between biotin and streptavidin or avidin is one of the strongest known non-covalent biological interactions. The (strept)avidin-biotin interaction has been widely used for decades in biological research and biotechnology. Therefore labeling of purified proteins by biotin is a powerful way to achieve protein capture, immobilization, and functionalization, as well as multimerizing or bridging molecules. Chemical biotinylation often generates heterogeneous products, which may have impaired function. Enzymatic biotinylation with E. coli biotin ligase (BirA) is highly specific in covalently attaching biotin to the 15 amino acid AviTag peptide, giving a homogeneous product with high yield. AviTag can conveniently be added genetically at the N-terminus, C-terminus, or in exposed loops of a target protein. We describe here procedures for AviTag insertion by inverse PCR, purification of BirA fused to glutathione-S-transferase (GST-BirA) from E. coli, BirA biotinylation of purified protein, and gel-shift analysis by SDS-PAGE to quantify the extent of biotinylation.

Indexed as

BiotinBiotinylationCarbon-Nitrogen LigasesChromatography, AffinityEscherichia coliEscherichia coli ProteinsGlutathione TransferasePolymerase Chain ReactionProtein BindingProtein EngineeringRecombinant Fusion ProteinsRepressor ProteinsStreptavidinBiotinbirA protein, E coliCarbon-Nitrogen LigasesEscherichia coli ProteinsGlutathione TransferaseRecombinant Fusion ProteinsRepressor ProteinsStreptavidin

Identifiers

PMID25560075
PMCPMC4304673
OpenAlexW2396522900

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.