ArticleIndoor air2015
Estimating retrospective exposure of household humidifier disinfectants.
Article in Indoor air, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Health Effects Associated With Humidifier Disinfectant Use: A Systematic Review for Exploration.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Pooled it
- Indoor Air Quality in Inpatient Environments: A Systematic Review on Factors that Influence Chemical Pollution in Inpatient Wards.Journal of healthcare engineering · 2019Pooled it
- The Humidifier Disinfectant Disaster in Korea: Implications for Preventive Medicine and Public Health.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2026Article
- Evaluating Metabolic Signatures in the Serum of South Korean Patients with Humidifier Disinfectant-Associated Lung Injury Identified through Untargeted Metabolomics.Environmental health perspectives · 2025Article
- Exposures to humidifier disinfectant and various health conditions in Korean based on personal exposure assessment data of claimants for compensation.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Article
- Misclassification and characterization of exposure to humidifier disinfectants using a questionnaire.BMC public health · 2021Article
- Characteristics of the Molecular Weight of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) Used as a Household Humidifier Disinfectant.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- A mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone impairs rat vascular smooth muscle by depleting thiols and thereby elevating cytosolic ZnArchives of toxicology · 2021Article
- Need for individual-based evaluation to determine the association between humidifier disinfectants and health injuries.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2021Article
- Characteristics of Exposure to Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and Methylisothiazolinone (MIT) among Humidifier Disinfectant-Associated Lung Injury (HDLI) Patients in South Korea.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Properties of Polyhexamethylene Guanidine (PHMG) Associated with Fatal Lung Injury in Korea.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Early-life exposure to humidifier disinfectant determines the prognosis of lung function in children.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2019Article
- Family-based case-control study of exposure to household humidifier disinfectants and risk of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.PloS one · 2019Article
- Two Cases of Chloromethylisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone-associated Toxic Lung Injury.Journal of Korean medical science · 2018Article
- Humidifier Disinfectant-Associated Lung Injury: Six Years after the Tragic Event.Tuberculosis and respiratory diseases · 2017Review
- Effects of a mixture of chloromethylisothiazolinone and methylisothiazolinone on peripheral airway dysfunction in children.PloS one · 2017Article
- Relationship between Exposure to Household Humidifier Disinfectants and Risk of Lung Injury: A Family-Based Study.PloS one · 2015Article
- Exposure characteristics of familial cases of lung injury associated with the use of humidifier disinfectants.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledWe conducted a comprehensive humidifier disinfectant exposure characterization for 374 subjects with lung disease who presumed their disease was related to humidifier disinfectant use (patient group) and for 303 of their family members (family group) for an ongoing epidemiological study. We visited the homes of the registered patients to investigate disinfectant use characteristics. Probability of exposure to disinfectants was determined from the questionnaire and supporting evidence from photographs demonstrating the use of humidifier disinfectant, disinfectant purchase receipts, any residual disinfectant, and the consistency of their statements. Exposure duration was estimated as cumulative disinfectant use hours from the questionnaire. Airborne disinfectant exposure intensity (μg/m(3)) was estimated based on the disinfectant volume (ml) and frequency added to the humidifier per day, disinfectant bulk level (μg/ml), the volume of the room (m(3)) with humidifier disinfectant, and the degree of ventilation. Overall, the distribution patterns of the intensity, duration, and cumulative exposure to humidifier disinfectants for the patient group were higher than those of the family group, especially for pregnant women and patients ≤6 years old. Further study is underway to evaluate the association between the disinfectant exposures estimated here with clinically diagnosed lung disease. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Retrospective exposure to household humidifier disinfectant as estimated here can be used to evaluate associations with clinically diagnosed lung disease due to the use of humidifier disinfectant in Korea. The framework, with modifications to account for dispersion and use patterns, can also be potentially adapted to assessment of other household chemical exposures.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.