ArticleAmerican journal of obstetrics and gynecology2015
Association of trimester-specific gestational weight gain with fetal growth, offspring obesity, and cardiometabolic traits in early childhood.
Article in American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Maternal overnutrition elevates offspring's blood pressure-A systematic review and meta-analysis.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2022Pooled it
- Gestational weight gain during the second and third trimesters and adverse pregnancy outcomes, results from a prospective pregnancy cohort in urban Tanzania.Reproductive health · 2022Trial
- The associations between maternal BMI and gestational weight gain and health outcomes in offspring at age 1 and 7 years.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- A randomized controlled trial of daily weighing in pregnancy to control gestational weight gain.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Trial
- Supporting healthful lifestyles during pregnancy: a health coach intervention pilot study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2018Trial
- Trial
- Differences in association between gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes according to pre-pregnancy body mass index categories and gestational diabetes mellitus status: findings from a large Japanese cohort.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2026Article
- Patterns of weight gain during the first half of pregnancy and risk of large newborns in women with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus.Pregnancy (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances serum concentrations during pregnancy and gestational weight gain in the Healthy Start Study.International journal of hygiene and environmental health · 2026Article
- Supervised and Unsupervised Physical Activity Programs in Pregnancy-There Is a Benefit for Both.Journal of diabetes research · 2026Article
- Late Preschool BMI Acceleration as the Strongest Predictor of Childhood Cardiometabolic Risk at School Entry: A Dual-Trajectory Cohort Study.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Mapping the Published Evidence on Childhood Obesity Prevalence and Related Policies in Greece: A Scoping Review.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Maternal Gestational Weight Status and Offspring Physical Growth Status at Birth, Mid-Childhood and Early Adolescence.Maternal & child nutrition · 2025Article
- Predictors of inadequate and excessive gestational weight gain in women: a retrospective longitudinal observational study.BMJ open · 2025Observational
- Association between gestational weight change trajectories and perinatal outcomes in twin pregnancies in China.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- Gestational weight trajectory and early offspring growth differed by gestational diabetes: a population-based cohort study.Nutrition & diabetes · 2025Article
- Methods for modeling gestational weight gain: empirical application using electronic health record data from a safety net population.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2025Article
- In-utero exposure to PM2.5 and adverse birth outcomes in India: Geostatistical modelling using remote sensing and demographic health survey data 2019-21.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
- Gestational weight gain below recommendations and adverse maternal and child health outcomes for pregnancies with overweight or obesity: a United States cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Trimester-specific rate of gestational weight loss or gain and birth size: differences by prepregnancy BMI.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2024Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThe purpose of this study was to investigate the association of trimester-specific gestational weight gain with offspring fetal growth, obesity risk, and cardiometabolic health outcomes from birth to 4 years of age. STUDY
designWe conducted the present study with 977 mother-child pairs of the pregnancy cohort "Rhea" study in Crete, Greece. We measured birthweight, body mass index from 6 months to 4 years of age, waist circumference, skinfold thickness, blood pressure, and blood levels of lipids, C-reactive protein, and adipose tissue hormones at 4 years of age. We used multiple linear and log Poisson regression models to examine the association of exposure with continuous or binary outcomes, respectively.
resultsGreater rate of gestational weight gain in the first trimester of pregnancy (per 200 g/wk) was associated with increased risk of overweight/obesity from 2 years (relative risk [RR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09-1.42) to 4 years of age (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.05-1.25), but not with birth size. Each 200 g/wk of weight gain in the first trimester of pregnancy was also associated with greater risk of high waist circumference (RR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.04-1.23), high sum of skinfold thickness (RR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.02-1.29), and higher diastolic blood pressure at 4 years of age (β, 0.43 mm Hg; 95% CI, 0.00-0.86). Greater rate of gestational weight gain during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy (per 200 g/wk) was associated with greater risk of large-for-gestational-age neonates (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02, 1.45) and higher levels of cord blood leptin (ratio of geometric means, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.00-1.17), but not with child anthropometry at later ages.
conclusionTiming of gestational weight gain may influence childhood cardiometabolic outcomes differentially.
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